Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 1 1 2015 10 03 13 17 EN Alireza Ebrahim Soltani Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Banafshe Nouralishahi Chronic Kidney Diseases Rresearch Center (CKDRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Sadrossadat Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehrdad Goudarzi Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hadi Tabatabaei Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behrang Nooralishahi Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 03 2015 10 03 Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a frequent postoperative complication in children. Its prevalence is about 25-80% and is observed more commonly with rapid-acting volatile anesthetics than the older inhalation agents. Methods: 30 patients aging between 2 to 8 years were included in this randomized double blind study. We compared the effect of combination of two anesthetic drugs, Propofol-Ketamine and Sevoflurane- Ketamine, on ED and pain after general anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing interventional cardiac angiography. Agitation was measured by PAED (Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium) scoring system) and pain by the CHEOPS (Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Scale). Results: Emergence delirium in 10th minute of recovery was higher in propofol group (7.6±4.47 vs 5.07±3.31, p=0.047) but it was the same between the groups during the rest of recovery times. Pain scores were higher only at the moment of entrance to recovery room in sevoflurane group (6.27±1.99 vs 5.1±1.06, p<0.001). Mean recovery time was shorter in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group (33.83±15.239 vs 51.67±20.585, p=0.02).  Nausea and vomitting was more frequent in the sevoflurane group (6.6% vs 0%, p, 0.001), which needed no treatment. Conclusion: There are some minor differences between sevoflurane-ketamine and propofol-ketamine anesthesia. If the length of recovery is not an issue and the patients are not at high risk of nausea and vomiting, either sevoflurane-ketamine combined anesthesia or propofol-ketamine infusion can be suitably used to anesthetise patients for the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedures. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/10 https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/download/10/76