Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 11 3 2025 04 07 365 368 Ali Erfani Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Aminollah Vasigh Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Alireza Kashefizadeh Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2024 12 17 2025 01 21 Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a type of trauma that can be caused by various factors. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in TBI. Methods: This study is part of the Iran ICU Registry (IICUR) Australian and New Zealand ICU (ANZICS). This study included TBI patients admitted to Hospital's surgical ICU, excluding those who died within 48 hours. The diagnosis of ARDS was based on the Berlin scale. Also, the data collected were collected using the IICUR and ANZICS registry data checklist. The data were entered into SPSS 18 software, and data analysis was performed using regression analysis. Results: The findings showed that out of 350 patients with a diagnosis of TBI, 32 (9.1%) had ARDS symptoms. There was also a significant difference between ARDS status and mortality (P=0.000), smoking (P=0.004), hospital LOS (P=0.009) and median APACHE II (P=0.000). Conclusion: Since ARDS patients had a higher mortality rate, therapeutic interventions must be implemented to reduce ARDS incidence in TBI patients. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/1158