Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 11 Supp. 1 2025 04 06 749 756 Maryam Sarkhosh Department of Anesthesia Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehrdad Mesbah Kiaei Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Aligholizadeh Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Siavash Sangi Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parisa Akbarpour Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Member of Paramedical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. Elnaz Jalalkamali Department Anesthesiology of Paramedical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2024 12 24 2025 01 17 Background: Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI), as one of the advanced and rapidly growing technologies, has had widespread effects on various aspects of human life. In the healthcare sector, the adoption of AI methodologies has gained significant momentum, particularly in enhancing patient care, with anesthesiology emerging as a field keenly embracing these technological advancements. The use of AI in anesthesia is accompanied by specific ethical and social issues that require careful examination and deep understanding. The objective of this scoping review was to compile existing literature about the ethical considerations surrounding the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in anesthesiology. Methods: This scoping review was conducted within the first three months of 2024. The research question was, "What are the ethical issues in the application of AI in anesthesia?" Based on the research question, researchers initially extracted relevant keywords using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and independently conducted preliminary searches in databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The study selection process was guided by predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were studies relevant to the research question. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was utilized to report the research procedure. Results: The search strategy yielded a total of 327 articles. Consequently, the full text of 4 studies was examined. Of these, two studies were not considered to be included in the research due to their lack of connection with the primary research question. In total, 2 studies (both in English) were included in this review. Both of these studies were cross-sectional studies that examined the opinions of anesthesiologists regarding the ethical implications of using artificial intelligence in anesthesia. Conclusion: The ethical integration of AI into anesthesia holds promise for improving patient care outcomes while upholding principles of safety, fairness, and accountability. Additional training programs and updated protocols are necessary for ensuring data security, collection, and processing. Additionally, Appropriate legal regulations concerning data processing should be developed. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/1165