Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 11 4 2025 04 18 525 528 Shideh Ariana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parnian Adhami Moghadam School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. & Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Behzad Azimi Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2025 02 02 2025 02 11 Background: D-dimer levels in the blood are analyzed to diagnose conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, aortic rupture, certain types of acute headaches resulting from vascular disorders, and pulmonary embolism. D-dimer levels can also be a determining factor in the prognosis of various cancers. This study aimed to compare D-dimer changes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to those in healthy women following elective cesarean section. Methods: This study, based on the Iran ICU Registry (IICUR), collected data on women hospitalized in the women’s ICU. Data were extracted from the registry using a standardized checklist. The study method involved extracting information on women with GDM and healthy women from the registry checklist and patient clinical records, including laboratory results. All D-dimer measurements were performed using a standardized laboratory kit within the hospital and were documented in the patients’ clinical records. Results: The findings showed no significant difference in D-dimer levels on the first day after the CS. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between D-dimer levels and both advanced maternal age and higher BMI, with D-dimer levels rising as age and BMI increased among the study participants. Conclusion: Higher levels of D-dimer were detected in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to healthy women after cesarean delivery. These results indicate a potentially elevated risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in women with GDM undergoing elective CS, underscoring the importance of targeted preventive and therapeutic measures. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/1193