Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 12 1 2026 01 01 42 48 Moein Daneshmand Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Jahangirifard Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Nazembokaee Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department University, Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marzie Shahrabi Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Shahid Modarres Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Lida Fadaizadeh Telemedicine Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Salimi Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kobra Rafiei Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2025 03 19 2025 04 13 Background: Airway management is a routine part of any type of anesthesia; therefore, the present study was designed to compare the effect of transtracheal dexmedetomidine and transtracheal lidocaine in patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage and other adverse events. Methods: Individuals aged 18 to 65 years that were candidates for bronchoalveolar lavage in three groups were included in the study. All three groups of patients underwent a standard treatment with the same anesthesia method with the same treatment group. Patients were administered lidocaine (4 cc 2% lidocaine), dexmedetomidine (0.5 g/kgµ dexmedetomidine), and lidocaine + dexmedetomidine (4 cc 2% lidocaine + 0.5 g/kgµ dexmedetomidine) groups. Results: A total 150 patients with a mean age of 57.2±16.32 were evaluated in three equal groups. The clinical status of the patients showed that the patients in the combined use of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine group underwent sedation significantly more than the other two groups. The incidence of cough in dexmedetomidine and lidocaine group of patients was significantly lower than in the other groups. Conclusion: The simultaneous use of transtracheal lidocaine and dexmedetomidine significantly reduces the incidence of cough in patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/1241