Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 5 3 2019 07 02 73 76 Syed Ali Medical Intensive Care Unit, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Muhammad Memon Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Shahzad Waqar Department of General Surgery, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Salman koul Medical Intensive Care Unit, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Vincent Ioos Medical Intensive Care Unit, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Taha Pasha Medical Intensive Care Unit, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Samina Afghan Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad , Pakistan Farida Tahir Department of General Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad , Pakistan Zeb Ammar Resident, Critical Care Medicine, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan 2019 04 07 2019 05 15 Background: Routine collection and analysis of data allows a critical care department to highlight the outcomes of the interventions done and to identify the grounds for improvement. Data on characteristic and outcomes of patients admitted in intensive care units (ICUs) are lacking. Methods: A software (ICU e-monitoring®) was designed to enter for each patient demographic data, SAPS3 on admission, Nine Equivalent Manpower Use Score, presence of medical devices and episodes of hospital acquired infections. We report data collected during 2014 with comparison to data collected with the same methodology in 2008 [1]. Objective: To determine the standardized mortality ratio, the mean length of ICU stay, mean length of mechanical ventilation and ICU acquired infection incidence rate. Study design: Descriptive Place of study: Medical ICU, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Results: A total of 196 admissions were recorded during the year 2014 vs 354 in 2008. 47.2% were males and 52.8% were females. Mean age was 32.1 years ± 15.3 SD (37.7 ± 18.9 SD in 2008). A total of 65 (33%) deaths were recorded during the year and standardized mortality ratio was found to be 0.71 vs 1.09 in 2008. Mean Length of stay was 15.9 Days ± 12.9 SD (9.3 days ± 8.9 in 2008) and mean duration of mechanical ventilation was found to be 12.04 Days (8.7 in 2008). Overall ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) rate was 42.3 cases per 1000 ventilator days. Rate of Catheter Related Blood Stream Infections (CRBSI) was found to be 17.2 cases per 1000 CVC days. Conclusion: Major changes in our patient population characteristics were seen between 2008 and 2013: number of patients and standardized mortality was decreased while incidence of VAP and CRBSI was increased. It is possible to collect meaningful data on ICU performance and activity in resource limited settings. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/227 https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/download/227/415

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 5 3 2019 07 02 77 80 Omid Arasteh Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Khalili Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Imam Khomeini Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Abdollahi Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amirhooshang Mohammadpour Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Mohammadreza Salehi Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2019 07 02 Background: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that was extensively used for treatment of gram positive infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended to optimize efficacy and safety of vancomycin. Data regarding TDM of vancomycin are scant in septic patients especially during augmented renal clearance (ARC) phase. Methods: In this observational study, 39 patients with diagnosis of sepsis that were in ARC phase were evaluated. The breakpoint for serum trough level of vancomycin was considered as 15 mg/l. The patients were stratified in two groups based on the measured serum trough levels (< 15 mg/l versus ≥15 mg/l). Results: Clinical response and microbiological clearance were compared between the groups. In terms of clinical response, there was no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.677). Also, the microbiological clearance was not different between the groups (P= 1.00). Conclusion: Septic patients during ARC phase had comparable clinical and microbial responses regardless of serum trough levels of vancomycin. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/238 https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/download/238/416

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 5 3 2019 07 02 81 85 Mehdi Sanatkar Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehrdad Shorooghi Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Sadegh Sanie Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. 2019 07 02 Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and side effects of diazepam and midazolam administration for conscious sedation in subjects who undergoing cataract surgery. Methods: A total of 79 patients undergoing cataract surgery under topical anesthesia with conscious sedation were prospectively reviewed. Our subjects were randomly divided to two groups. The first group comprised of 38 cases receiving 0.05 mg/kg diazepam slow intravenously (diazepam group) and the second group comprised of 41 cases receiving 0.01 mg/kg midazolam intravenously (midazolam group). Intraoperative variables such as systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation were recorded immediately before sedation, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after diazepam or midazolam administration. All patients were contacted 24 hours after the operation for any early postoperative complications. Results: The variability of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 5, 10 and 15 minutes after sedation were statistically significantly higher in midazolam group compared to diazepam group. Six patients developed episodes of apnea during operation, two patients in diazepam and four patients in midazolam group. The surgeons’ satisfaction was more in diazepam group but not statistically significant. Need for additional dose of benzodiazepine was more in the midazolam group. Drowsiness and functional impairment during 24 hours after surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Diazepam produces better perioperative hemodynamic profile, level of sedation and surgeon’s satisfaction and less occurrence of apnea compared to midazolam group in patients who underwent cataract surgery. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/239 https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/download/239/417

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 5 3 2019 07 02 86 90 Amin Assarian Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Afsaneh Noormandi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Khalili Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mostafa Mohammadi Department of Intensive Care Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Abdollahi Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2019 07 02 Background: As the fourth abundant electrolyte in the body, magnesium has critical roles in aerobic metabolism and regulation of the immune system. Few studies investigate the association between magnesium status of critically ill septic patients and lactate acidosis in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study, serum magnesium level and lactate level were evaluated at both admission time and time of sepsis. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted at general ICU of a tertiary referral teaching hospital. Hypomagnesemia was defined as a serum magnesium concentration of less than 1.7 mg/dL. Mann-Whitney test and independent-sample t-test were used to analyze nonparametric and parametric data, respectively. Results: Of 50 sepsis patients, 32 patients were normomagnesemic, and 18 were hypomagnesemic. Hypomagnesemic patients have significantly higher lactate serum level at the time of sepsis compared to normomagnesemic patients [2.32 (1.96-3.29) vs. 1.94 (1.80-2.15) mg/dl respectively, p<0.001]. There were significant differences between normomagnesemic and hypomagnesemic septic patients in Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score at sepsis time (9.44 ± 4.33 vs. 11.67 ± 3.83, p=0.46), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score [3 (3.00-5.00) vs. 4 (3.75-6.25), p=0.04]. Also, 28-day mortality because of sepsis (50% respectively, p<0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation [12.00 (4.00-14.25) days respectively, p<0.01] and ICU stay [14.00 (12.75-17.25) days respectively, p<0.01] were significantly higher in hypomagnesemic groups. Conclusion: Admission hypomagnesemia in sepsis patients may increase serum lactate concentration, duration of ventilation, duration of ICU stay and mortality. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/240 https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/download/240/418

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 5 3 2019 07 02 91 94 Pejman Pourfakhr Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Sohrabi Nodehi Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Reza Shariefnia Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Khajavi Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran. 2019 07 02 Background: Traditionally normal saline is the most common crystalloid solution that is used in transplant surgery. Normal saline (NS) because of the higher risk of acidosis and higher levels of serum chloride may have more deleterious effects in kidney transplant recipients Thus; the aim of this study was to determine the safety of ringer lactate normal saline combination if used during a renal transplant. Methods: One Hundred adults undergoing kidney transplantations were enrolled in a double-blinded randomized prospective clinical trial. They were divided into two groups in order to receive RL& NS and NS infusion as intraoperative IV fluid replacement therapy. All patients received 40 ml/kg fluid during surgery. Serum chloride, sodium, Cr and BUN were checked before operation and 6hour after surgery. Urine output BUN and Cr was also checked in 1, 3 and 7 day after surgery. At the end of surgery, we corrected the acid base status with bicarbonate according to base excess< -15 or PH<7.15 if needed in both groups. Results: There was a significant difference in the serum chloride level (p= 0.001) and urine output (p= 0.003) between the two groups at the 6 hours after transplantations. Postoperative BUN and Cr level at 2,3 and 7 days in RL&NS group was significantly lower than group of NS (P= 0.011). Also, urine output during this study time was significantly higher in RL&NS group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Combination of Ringer lactate &normal saline crystalloid solutions are associated with higher urinary output and most favorited out come in the early post-operative days after renal transplantation surgeries. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/241 https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/download/241/419

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 5 3 2019 07 02 95 98 Hassan Mohammadipour Anvari Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Maarouf Ansari Kazaj Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Khosro Kolahdouzan Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Nasser Ghobanian Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Scien Afsaneh Khobeydeh Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 2019 01 01 2019 02 23 Background: Sore throat is one of the major complications of tracheal intubation after general anesthesia. Pregabalin is an analgesic, the anti neuropathic pain and analgesic effects of which have been demonstrated in various studies. This study examined the effects of single dose pregabalin one hour before tracheal intubation, to prevent sore throat after extubation. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 60 patients who had undergone general and urologic surgeries at Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz, Iran, since March to July 2015 that required tracheal intubation, were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (group A, 30 patients and group B, 30 patients). In the group A, an hour before anesthesia, one pregabalin tablet (300mg) was given to the patients. For the patients of the group B, the placebo was given. After awareness of patients, the severity of sore throat was measured and recorded by VAS scale after 2, 6 and 24 hours of the surgery. Results: Severity and incidence of sore throat after tracheal intubation were not significantly different between two groups. Meanwhile, no side effects of pregabalin were observed in the group A. Conclusion: Administration of pregabalin as a single dose of 300 mg one hour prior to anesthesia and intubation decreased the incidence and severity of sore throat in the case group than the control group, although the amount of this reduction was not "epublish"> 2021 02 13 38 43 Mohammadreza Moshari Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behnam Hosseini Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Mohammad Seyed Alshohadaei Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fereshteh Baghizadeh Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2020 12 23 2021 01 16 Background: Regional blocks is a good alternative to general anesthesia in upper extremity surgeries. Supraclavicular is a kind of regional block which can be used to treat nerve block in the upper extremity. The ancillary drugs are nowadays used to enhance the quality and quantity of sensory and motor block. The present study has attempted to investigate the effect of three prescription drugs (composition Dexamethasone with Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine with Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine alone) on supraclavicular block. Methods: This parallel Design study was conducted in 2017 as a clinical trial at Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. For this purpose, 60 patients over the age of 18 and in class I, II of the American Anesthesiology Association (ASA) who were candidates for upper limb elective surgery, were enrolled. Patients included in the study (60 patients) were randomly divided into three equal groups (n= 20). Anesthesia procedure was performed for all patients in three equal groups. However, to evaluate the efficacy of selected drugs, different drugs were injected into each group. After completing the design and recording the results of the variables under study, the t-test was used to compare quantitative variables between the two groups. All statistical tests were performed in two domains (5% significance level) and SPSS 21 software was used for data analysis. Results: In the levels of intraoperative factors in the comparative conditions of the BB[i] with BDexa[ii] and BB with BDex[iii] groups. However, Duration of Sensory Block (P=0.004) and Duration of Movement Block (P=0.001) were significantly different in BD and BDex groups. Conclusion: What can be clearly seen in the results are the significant changes of Duration of Sensory Block and Duration of Movement Block compared to the BDexa and BDex groups. Based on these results, in both cases we find a significant decrease in the measured duration in the BDexa group compared to the opposite group. Use of Bupivacaine + Dexamethasone has a more positive effect on Supraclavicular block compared to Bupivacaine + Dexmedetomidine and Bupivacaine alone. [i] Bupivacaine [ii] Bupivacaine + Dexamethasone [iii] Bupivacaine + Dexmedetomidine     https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/322 https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/download/322/497

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 7 1 2021 02 01 44 49 Abbas Heydari Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Zahra Sadat Manzari Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Masoud Abdollahi Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2020 11 08 2020 11 22 Background: Chest tube insertion is recommended after cardiac surgery, and inserted annually for a large number of these patients. In addition to its benefits, the chest tube may have risks that are mismanaged. One of these risks is the possibility of pleural effusion, which can occur in high rates. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to properly manage the chest tube and reduce its complications. Methods: This systematic review of cohort study asked the question: Is there enough evidence to determine the right time to remove the chest tube? We searched ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Embase from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2019 to identify retrospective or prospective cohort studies. Results: Three studies recommended early chest tube removal and two studies late removal. Of course, early and late removals in the studies had different meanings and time frames that were examined). Conclusion: More evidences and studies are needed to determine the right timing and management of the chest tube removal but our systematic review based on the available evidences revealed that if the chest tube removal occurs about 24 hours postoperatively, and with less than 100 ml drainage within the last 8 hours, it will reduce the risk of pleural effusion and improve many other outcomes. https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/view/316 https://aacc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/aacc/article/download/316/498

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care 2423-5849 7 1 2021 02 02 50 52 EN Dheeraj Kapoor Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh-160030, India Manju Sharma Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India. Manpreet Singh Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India. Shraddha Sinha Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India. Binish Kathuria Department of Anaesthesia, Deep Hospital ,Model Town, Ludhiana, India. 2020 11 16