Investigating the Prevalence of Headache and its Influencing Factors in the Intensive Care Unit
,
Abstract
Background: Headache may be aggravated by factors such as contracting new diseases, taking medications, or being hospitalized. One of the diseases that is effective in causing pain, especially headaches in patients, is the Covid-19 disease. for this reason, this study was conducted with the aim of the prevalence and factors affecting headache in covid-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
Methods: This study is a part of the registry related to covid-19 patients, and the researchers analyzed the data after obtaining the code of ethics in the research. in this study, the tool that was used included a demographic profile form and a checklist for examining pain and its influencing factors in patients admitted to the ICU. data analysis was done using SPSS version 16 software and independent t-tests, ANOVA, linear regression and confirmatory statistics.
Results: Result showed 1114 (78.8%) of the patients reported headache and 300 (21.2%) of the patients had no complaints about headache. regarding the type of pain, it was shown that 341(30.6%) had Pressure type, 360(32.3%) had Tightening type, 335(30.1%) had Throbbing type and 78(7%) had Irritability type. Also, in relation to the duration of pain, it was shown that 228(20.5%) had pain less than 1 hour, 171(15.4%) had pain between one hour and 24 hours and 715(64.2%) had pain more than 24 were hours. Also, 178(16%) of the patients had moderate headache and 936(84%) of the patients had severe headache.
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of headache in patients with covid-19 hospitalized in the ICU, it is necessary to take necessary intervention measures to reduce the patient's headache.
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[22] Pourshaban Z, Moghimian M, Jouzi M. The Effect of Continuous Care Model on the Burden Care of Family Caregivers of Stroke Patients. J Nurs Educ. 2023;12(1):27-35.
[23] D'Ascanio L, Pandolfini M, Cingolani C, Latini G, Gradoni P, Capalbo M, et al. Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Prevalence and Prognosis for Recovering Sense of Smell. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;164(1):82-6.
[24] Luigetti M, Iorio R, Bentivoglio AR, Tricoli L, Riso V, Marotta J, et al. Assessment of neurological manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(11):2322-8.
[25] Ellington S, Strid P, Tong VT, Woodworth K, Galang RR, Zambrano LD, et al. Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Pregnancy Status - United States, January 22-June 7, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(25):769-75.
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[28] Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, Xu KJ, Ying LJ, Ma CL, et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. Bmj. 2020;368:m606.
[29] Lapostolle F, Schneider E, Vianu I, Dollet G, Roche B, Berdah J, et al. Clinical features of 1487 COVID-19 patients with outpatient management in the Greater Paris: the COVID-call study. Intern Emerg Med. 2020;15(5):813-7.
[30] Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas C, Navarro‐Santana M, Gómez‐Mayordomo V, Cuadrado ML, García‐Azorín D, Arendt‐Nielsen L, et al. Headache as an acute and post‐COVID‐19 symptom in COVID‐19 survivors: A meta‐analysis of the current literature. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(11):3820-5.
[31] Safawi N, Hasbini J, Khodor H, Atrouni S, Berjaoui C, ElJarkass H. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of headache among COVID-19 patients in Lebanon: a retrospective cohort study. The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2024;60(1):56.
[32] Mutiawati E, Kusuma HI, Fahriani M, Harapan H, Syahrul S, Musadir N. Headache in post-COVID-19 patients: its characteristics and relationship with the quality of life. Medicina. 2022;58(10):1500.
[2] Onofri A, Pensato U, Rosignoli C, Wells-Gatnik W, Stanyer E, Ornello R, et al. Primary headache epidemiology in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Headache Pain. 2023;24(1):8.
[3] Nilles C, Williams JV, Patten SB, Pringsheim TM, Orr SL. Lifestyle Factors Associated with Frequent Recurrent Headaches in Children and Adolescents: A Canadian Population–Based Study. Neurology. 2024;102(6): e209160.
[4] Landy SH, Lobo BL. Migraine treatment throughout the lifecycle. Expert Rev Neurother. 2005;5(3):343-53.
[5] Wijeratne T, Tang HM, Crewther D, Crewther S. Prevalence of migraine in the elderly: a narrated review. Neuroepidemiology. 2019;52(1-2):104-10.
[6] Joshi D, Gyanpuri V, Pathak A, Chaurasia RN, Mishra VN, Kumar A, et al. Neuropathic pain associated with COVID-19: A systematic review of case reports. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022;26(8):595-603.
[7] Toptan T, Aktan C, Başarı A, Bolay H. Case series of headache characteristics in COVID‐19: headache can be an isolated symptom. Headache: J Head Face Pain. 2020;60(8):1788-92.
[8] Haddadi M, Meamarzadegan Y, Vasheghani Farahani A, Etrati Kooshali A, Sarrafzadeh S, Ghafari P, et al. Headache and Dizziness as Prevailing Clinical Manifestations in Parkinson’s Patients Following COVID-19. Arch Neurosci. 2024;11(3): e145699.
[9] Rahmatian A, Jamshidbeigi Y, Molavi A, Salimi E. Experiences Related to the Injection of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study. Arch Neurosci. 2023;10(3): e137636.
[10] Mohammadi M, Varpaei HA, Hosseini SA, Hedayati Emami K, Mousaeinejad N. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Hospitalized Pregnant Woman with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report. Arch Neurosci. 2023;10(4): e135229.
[11] Ghadirian F, Shafighi A. Evaluation of the Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Post-COVID Cognitive Disorders Among Iranian COVID-19 Recuperated Individuals: A Bayesian Analysis. Arch Neurosci. 2023;10(4): e140290.
[12] Silvestro M, Tessitore A, Orologio I, Sozio P, Napolitano G, Siciliano M, et al. Headache worsening after COVID-19 vaccination: an online questionnaire-based study on 841 patients with migraine. J Clin Med. 2021;10(24):5914.
[13] DiSabella M, Pierce E, McCracken E, Ratnaseelan A, Vilardo L, Borner K, et al. Pediatric headache experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Child Neurol. 2022;37(10-11):871-81.
[14] Aboofazeli A, Sarrafzadeh S, Qaraee Najafabadi A, Hammami B, Soheili R, Sadeghi A, et al. A Survey on Respiratory and Neurological Symptoms in Alzheimer’s, Schizophrenia, Bipolar, and Migraine Patients Following COVID-19 Infection. Arch Neurosci. 2023;10(4): e140959.
[15] Islam MA, Alam SS, Kundu S, Hossan T, Kamal MA, Cavestro C. Prevalence of headache in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis of 14,275 patients. Front Neurol. 2020; 11:562634.
[16] Goh KJ, Wong J, Tien J-CC, Ng SY, Duu Wen S, Phua GC, et al. Preparing your intensive care unit for the COVID-19 pandemic: practical considerations and strategies. Crit Care. 2020; 24:1-12.
[17] Saghafi Khadem S, Arzaghi Z, Rezvani Kakhki B, Ziyaei M, Maleki F, Bolvardi E, et al. Demographic trends in COVID-19 prevalence at a primary hospital of Mashhad: a screening study. J Med Chem Res. 2024;6(7):842-54.
[18] Salmani F, Moghimian M, Jouzi M. The effect of planned presence of the family at the time of weaning on the length of weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients with brain injury admitted to intensive care units. BMC nursing. 2022;21(1):328.
[19] Pomar-Forero D, Ahmad B, Barlow B, Busl KM, Maciel CB. Headache Management in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2023:1-15.
[20] Abbasi M, Norozzade M, Aghai B, Maarefvand A, Nategh M, Saaid Y. Evaluation of pain assessment tool sintensive care units. Cardiovasc Nurs. 2013;2(3):70-5.
[21] Mohammadi HR, Rajabi R, Jamshidbeigi Y, Rahmatian A, Otaghi M. Effect of using rituximab on disability in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research. 2024;6(12):1854-60.
[22] Pourshaban Z, Moghimian M, Jouzi M. The Effect of Continuous Care Model on the Burden Care of Family Caregivers of Stroke Patients. J Nurs Educ. 2023;12(1):27-35.
[23] D'Ascanio L, Pandolfini M, Cingolani C, Latini G, Gradoni P, Capalbo M, et al. Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Prevalence and Prognosis for Recovering Sense of Smell. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;164(1):82-6.
[24] Luigetti M, Iorio R, Bentivoglio AR, Tricoli L, Riso V, Marotta J, et al. Assessment of neurological manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(11):2322-8.
[25] Ellington S, Strid P, Tong VT, Woodworth K, Galang RR, Zambrano LD, et al. Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Pregnancy Status - United States, January 22-June 7, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(25):769-75.
[26] Kim GU, Kim MJ, Ra SH, Lee J, Bae S, Jung J, et al. Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with mild COVID-19. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(7): 948.e1-. e3.
[27] Vacchiano V, Riguzzi P, Volpi L, Tappatà M, Avoni P, Rizzo G, et al. Early neurological manifestations of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(8):2029-31.
[28] Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, Xu KJ, Ying LJ, Ma CL, et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. Bmj. 2020;368:m606.
[29] Lapostolle F, Schneider E, Vianu I, Dollet G, Roche B, Berdah J, et al. Clinical features of 1487 COVID-19 patients with outpatient management in the Greater Paris: the COVID-call study. Intern Emerg Med. 2020;15(5):813-7.
[30] Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas C, Navarro‐Santana M, Gómez‐Mayordomo V, Cuadrado ML, García‐Azorín D, Arendt‐Nielsen L, et al. Headache as an acute and post‐COVID‐19 symptom in COVID‐19 survivors: A meta‐analysis of the current literature. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(11):3820-5.
[31] Safawi N, Hasbini J, Khodor H, Atrouni S, Berjaoui C, ElJarkass H. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of headache among COVID-19 patients in Lebanon: a retrospective cohort study. The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2024;60(1):56.
[32] Mutiawati E, Kusuma HI, Fahriani M, Harapan H, Syahrul S, Musadir N. Headache in post-COVID-19 patients: its characteristics and relationship with the quality of life. Medicina. 2022;58(10):1500.
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How to Cite
1.
Aghamiri SH, Erfani A, Borji M. Investigating the Prevalence of Headache and its Influencing Factors in the Intensive Care Unit. Arch Anesth & Crit Care. 2024;.
