Preoperative Nebulization of Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine for Reduction in Postoperative Sore Throat: A Comparative Double- Blind Study
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Abstract
Background: One of the most prevalent procedures involving general anaesthesia (GA) is endotracheal intubation, which can lead to a variety of airway complications. Patients undergoing GA with tracheal intubation may experience a common complication, known as postoperative sore throat (POST). This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy between nebulized ketamine and dexmedetomidine administered preoperatively in alleviating POST.
Methods: Patients were randomized into two groups with 151 patients in each group. Group-K patients were nebulized with ketamine 50mg (1ml) with 3ml normal saline, while Group-D patients were nebulized with dexmedetomidine 50mcg (0.5ml) with 3.5ml normal saline, preoperatively. GA was administered 15 min post-nebulization. POST was graded at 4,6,12 and 24h after extubation; on a four-point scale (0-3). The statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 17.0.
Results: In the present study, the overall incidence of POST was 32.5%. POST was experienced by 39 patients (25.8%) in ketamine and 59 patients (39.1%) in dexmedetomidine group (P value=0.014) at 4h, following extubation. Significantly higher incidence of POST in dexmedetomidine group was noticed as compared to ketamine group (P value <0.05). But, at 6h, 12h and 24h, the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups. A significantly larger percentage of cases in dexmedetomidine group had more severe POST than in ketamine group, at 4h following extubation (p-value <0.05). There was no significant rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in either groups. However ketamine group had a significantly higher mean heart rate after extubation compared to dexmedetomidine group.
Conclusion: Ketamine nebulization significantly decreases the incidence and severity of post operative sore throat, during the early postoperative period with minimum hemodynamic changes.
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| Dexmedetomidine General anesthesia Ketamine Nebulization Sore throat | ||
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