Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Selected Clinical Parameters in Patients Admitted to the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Numerous risk factors contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Identifying individuals at high risk and ensuring they receive appropriate treatment can prevent premature deaths. This study aimed to "determine cardiovascular risk factors and some clinical parameters in patients admitted to the cardiac surgery intensive care unit."
Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted on 109 patients admitted to the cardiac ICU of a central Tehran hospital. Samples were selected using convenience sampling based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25 with statistical tests.
Results: The average age of the participants was 61.05±8.5 years. The majority of the sample was male (73.3%). The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in the patients was 66.1% and 45.9%, respectively. The average BMI of the patients (25.9±3.6) was above the normal range. The mean blood glucose (153.26±36.65), cholesterol (151.7±36.2), triglycerides (135.85±51.9), kidney enzymes, and arterial blood gases were within acceptable ranges.
Conclusion: Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (particularly high weight and obesity, diabetes, and hypertension) are prevalent in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Accordingly, planning and education are recommended to control and reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in these patients.
[2] Sarebanhassanabadi M, Mirjalili SR, Marques-Vidal P, Kraemer A, Namayandeh SM. Coronary artery disease incidence, risk factors, awareness, and medication utilization in a 10-year cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024;24(1):101.
[3] Global burden of disease (GBD), Results [Internet]. [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/
[4] Saki N, Karandish M, Cheraghian B, Heybar H, Hashemi SJ, Azhdari M. Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and associated factors among adults from southwest Iran: Baseline data from Hoveyzeh Cohort Study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022;22(1):309.
[5] Hougen I, Leon SJ, Whitlock R, Rigatto C, Komenda P, Bohm C, et al. Hyperkalemia and its Association with Mortality, Cardiovascular Events, Hospitalizations, and Intensive Care Unit Admissions in a Population-Based Retrospective Cohort. Kidney Int Rep. 2021;6(5):1309-1316.
[6] Palaka E, Grandy S, Darlington O, McEwan P, van Doornewaard A. Associations between serum potassium and adverse clinical outcomes: A systematic literature review. Int J Clin Pract. 2020;74(1): e13421.
[7] Lan Q, Zheng L, Zhou X, Wu H, Buys N, Liu Z, et al. The Value of Blood Urea Nitrogen in the Prediction of Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in an Older Population. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:614117.
[8] Bagheri K, Motamedi O, Aghadavoudi O, Akbari M. The Effects of Mean Arterial Pressure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Clinical and Para clinical Parameters during and after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2012;29(169): 2574-2583.
[9] Najafipour H, Afshari M, Rostamzadeh F. Prevalence of Multiple Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Kerman: A Population-Based Study in Southeast Iran. Iran J Med Sci. 2018;43(2):140-149.
[10] Mirzaei M, Rahmaninan M, Mirzaei M, Nadjarzadeh A, Dehghani Tafti AA. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes in Central Iran: results from Yazd health study. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20:1-9.
[11] Abdul-Ghani MA, Jayyousi A, DeFronzo RA, Asaad N, Al-Suwaidi J. Insulin Resistance the Link between T2DM and CVD: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2019;17(2):153-163.
[12] Mone P, Gambardella J, Minicucci F, Lombardi A, Mauro C, Santulli G. Hyperglycemia drives Stent Restenosis in STEMI patients. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(11): e192–3.
[13] Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11): e596–e646.
[14] Arjmand G, Shidfar F, Abbaszadeh M, Molavi Nojoomi M, Amirfarhangi A. Assessing Predictive Power of the Abdominal Volume Index Compared to other Anthropometric Indices and Its Association with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2021;15(4):21-30.
[15] Kazory A. Emergence of blood urea nitrogen as a biomarker of neurohormonal activation in heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(5):694-700.
[16] Fan Y, Wu M, Li X, Zhao J, Shi J, Ding L, et al. Potassium levels and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr J. 2024;23(1):8.
[17] Zhao X, Wang D, Qin L. Lipid profile and prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21(1):1-15.
[18] Sadeghi A, Heydarpour A, Farasatkish R, Nekoofard M, Attarzadeh H, Hadipourzadeh F. Determination of Need for Transfusion of Blood During and After Surgery in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery in Rajaie Heart Center. J Iran Soc Anesthesiol Intensive Care. 2019; 30:2-10.
[19] Jahangiryan A, Zadsar M, Chegini A, Alaei M. The consumption rate and the transfusion threshold level of PRBCs in cardiac patients in Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj city. Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2018;15(3):173-181.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Article in Press |
|
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Risk factors Cardiovascular disease Patient Intensive care unit | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
