A Narrative Review on Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Post Spinal Anesthesia Headache
,
Abstract
Background: Post spinal anesthesia headache (PSAH) is a headache occurring after spinal anesthesia induction due to Dura and arachnoid puncture and has a significant effect on the patients’ post operative well being.
Methods: We run a cross sectional descriptive study on patient under spinal anesthesia that suffer from post spinal anesthesia headache parallel with a review on observational and experimental studies in the medical databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane for preparing a strategy in prevention and treatment of post spinal anesthesia headache. Aim of this study was adapting different treatment method and prevention system of Post Spinal Anesthesia Headache (PSAH) according to our facilities base on our observation and experiences.
Results: The overall incidence of post-Spinal Anesthesia headache has a very wide range. Its incidence obtained 17.3% by spinal needle 25G Quincke in our observation. Under hydration and tension headaches could be a factor influencing the incidence of PSAH. Intravenous administration of caffeine may be effective for prophylaxis of PSAH. Pregabalin has also been shown to alleviate PSAH. Drugs that have been used to treat PSAH include caffeine, NSAIDs, vasopressin, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, theophylline, sumatriptan, gabapentin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Conclusion: A combination of keeping patients normovulemic during the spinal anesthesia induction and prophylaxis prescription of caffeine and Dexamethone before and; Aminophylline and NSAIDS after the procedure could have a main role in keeping and treatment of the patient from PSAH.
[1] Jabbari A, Alijanpour E, Mir M, Banihashem N, Rabiea S M, Rupani M A. Post spinal puncture headache, an old problem and new concepts: review of articles about predisposing factors. Caspian J Intern Med. 2012; 4(1): 595-602.
[2] Corning JL. A further contribution on local medication of the spinal cord, with cases. Med Rec. 1888; 33(11): 291–3.
[3] Aamodt A, Vedeler C. Complications after LP related to needle type: pencilpoint versus Quincke. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2001; 103(6):396–8.
[4] Turnbull DK, Shepherd DB. Post-dural puncture headache: pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Br J Anaesth. 2003; 91(5):718–29.
[5] Jabbari A, Hasanjani Roushan MR. Impact of postdural puncture headache after diagnostic lumbar puncture. Caspian J Intern Med. 2014; 5(2): 56-58.
[6] Kuczkowski KM. Post-dural puncture headache in the obstetric patient: an old problem. New solutions. Minerva Anestesiol. 2004; 70(12):823–30.
[7] Cook TM, Counsell D, Wildsmith JAW. Major complications of central neuraxial block: report on the Third National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. Br J Anaesth. 2009; 102(2): 179–90
[8] Halpern S, Preston R. Postdural puncture headache and spinal needle design. Metaanalyses. Anesthesiology. 1994; 81(6):1376–83.
[9] Vallejo MC, Mandell GL, Sabo DP, Ramanathan S. Postdural Puncture Headache: A Randomized Comparison of Five Spinal Needles in Obstetric Patients. Anesth Analg. 2000; 91:916–20
[10] Hatfalvi BI. Postulated mechanisms for postdural puncture headache and a review of laboratory models. Reg Anaesth. 1995; 20:329–36.
[11] Mokri B. The Monro-Kellie hypothesis: applications in CSF volume depletion. Neurology. 2001; 56:1746–8
[12] Turnbull DK, Shepherd DB. Post-dural puncture headache: pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Br J Anaesth. 2003; 91:718–29
[13] Wilton NC, Globerson JH, de Rosayro AM. Epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache: it's never too late. Anesth Analg. 1986; 65(8):895-6.
[14] Vandam LD, Dripps RD. Long-term follow-up of patients who received 10,098 spinal anesthetics; syndrome of decreased intracranial pressure (headache and ocular and auditory difficulties). J Am Med Assoc. 1956; 161(7): 586-91.
[15] Morewood GH. A rational approach to the cause, prevention prevention and treatment of postdural puncture headache. CMAJ. 1993; 149:1087–93.
[16] Thoennissen J, Herkner H, Lang W, Domanovits H, Laggner AN, Müllner M. Does bed rest after cervical or lumbar puncture prevent headache? A systemic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2001; 165:1311–6.
[17] Evans RW, Armon C, Frohman EM, Goodin DS. Assessment: Prevention of post-lumbar puncture headaches: Report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2000; 55(7):909-14.
[18] Echevarria M, Caba F, Rodriguez R. The influence of the menstrual cycle in postdural puncture headache. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998; 23(5): 485-90.
[19] Yücel A, Ozyalçin S, Talu GK, Yücel EC, Erdine S. Intravenous administration of caffeine sodium benzoate for postdural puncture headache. RegAnesth Pain Med. 1999; 24(1):51-54.
[20] Buvanendran A, Kroin JS, Della Valle CJ, Kari M, Moric M, Tuman KJ. Perioperative oral pregabalin reduces chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2010; 110(1):199–207.
[21] Jokela R, Ahonen J, Tallgren M, Haanpää M, Korttila K. A randomized controlled trial of perioperative administration of pregabalin for pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy. Pain. 2008; 134:106–12.
[22] McKeage K, Keam SJ. Pregabalin: in the treatment of post herpetic neuralgia. Drug Aging. 2009; 26:883–92.
[23] Rosenstock J, Tuchman M, LaMoreaux L, Sharma U. Pregabalin for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 2004; 110:628–38.
[24] Vondracek P, Oslejskova H, Kepak T, Mazanek P, Sterba J, Rysava M, et al. Efficacy of pregabalin in neuropathic pain in paediatric oncological patients. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2009; 13:332–6.
[25] Taylor CP. Mechanisms of analgesia by gabapentin and pregabalin – calcium channel alpha2-delta [Cavalpha2-delta] ligands. Pain. 2009; 142:13–6.
[26] Calandre EP, Garcia-Leiva JM, Rico-Villademoros F, Vilchez JS, Rodriguez-Lopez CM. Pregabalin in the treatment of chronic migraine: an open-label study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2010; 33:35–9.
[27] Masdrakis VG, Oulis P, Karakatsanis NA, Potagas C, Kouzoupis AV, Soldatos CR. Remission of migraine attacks in a patient with depression who is taking pregabalin. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2008; 31:238–40.
[28] Chiechio S, Zammataro M, Caraci F, Rampello L, Copani A, Sabato AF, et al. Pregabalin in the treatment of chronic pain: an overview. Clin Drug Invest. 2009; 29:203–13.
[29] Gielen M. post dural puncture headach (PDPH): A review. Reg Anesth. 1989;14: 101-106.
[30] Hess JH. Postdural puncture headache; a literature review. AANA J. 1991; 59: 549-555
[31] Choi PT, Galinski SE, Takeuchi L, Lucas S, Tamayo C, Jadad AR. PDPH is a common complication of neuraxial blockade in parturients: a meta-analysis of obstetrical studies. Can J Anaesth. 2003; 50(5):460-9.
[32] Carter BL, Pasupuleti R. Use of Intravenous Cosyntropin in the Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache. Anesthesiology. 2000; 92: 272-4.
[33] Cánovas L, Barros C, Gómez A, Castro M, Castro A. Use of Intravenous Tetracosactrin in the Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache: Our Experience in Forty Cases. Anesth. Analg. 2002; 94:1369.
[34] Halker RB, Demaerschalk BM, Wellik KE, Wingerchuk DM, Rubin DI, Crum BA and Dodick DW. Caffeine for the prevention and treatment of postdural puncture headache: debunking the myth. Neurologist. 2007; 13(5): 323–327.
[35] Younggren BN; Zeger W, Nolan R. Cosyntropin vs. caffeine for post-dural puncture headaches. Acad Emerg Med. 2005; 12:52-3.
[36] Basurto Ona X, Martı´nez Garcı´a L, Sola` I and Bonfill Cosp X. Drug therapy for treating post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (8):CD007887.
[37] Camann WR, Murray RS, Mushlin PS, Lambert DH. Effects of oral caffeine on postdural puncture headache: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 1990;70(2):181-4
[38] Baumgarten RK. Should coffeine become the first-line treatment for postdural puncture headache? Anesth Analg. 1987; 66(9):913-4.
[39] Ryu JE: Effect of maternal caffeine consumption on heart rate and sleep time of breast fed infants. Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1985; 8(6):353-63.
[40] Bani-Hashem N, Hassan-Nasab B, Pour EA, Maleh PA, Nabavi A, Jabbari A. Addition of intrathecal Dexamethasone to Bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in orthopedic surgery. Saudi J Anaesth. 2011; 5(4):382-6.
[41] Kshatri AM, Foster PA: ACTH infusion as a novel treatment for postdural puncture headache. Reg Anesth. 1997; 22(5):432-4.
[42] Razzaque Z, Heald MA, Pickard JD, Maskell L, Beer MS, Hill RG, et al. Vasoconstriction in human isolated middle meningeal arteries: determining the contribution of 5-HT1B- and 5-HT1F-receptor activation". Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 47(1):75–82.
[43] Hodgson C, Roitberg HA. The use of sumatriptan in the treatment of postdural puncture headache. Anaesthesia. 1997; 52(8):808.
[44] Paech M, Banks S, Gurrin L. An audit of accidental dural puncture during epidural insertion of a Tuohy needle in obstetric patients. Int Obstet Anesth. 2001; 10(3):162-7.
[45] Freidank-Mueschenborn E, Fox AW. "Resolution of concentration-response differences in onset of effect between subcutaneous and oral sumatriptan". Headache. 2005; 45(6): 632-7.
[46] Tassone DM, Boyce E, Guyer J, Nuzum D. Pregabalin: a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue in the treatment of neuropathic pain, partial-onset seizures, and anxiety disorders. Clin Ther. 2007; 29(1):26-48.
[47] Kim L, Lipton S, Deodhar A. Pregabalin for fibromyalgia: some relief but no cure. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009; 76(4):255-61.
[48] Luszczki JJ. Third-generation antiepileptic drugs: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and interactions. Pharmacol Rep. 2009; 61(2):197–216.
[49] Erol DD. The effect of oral gabapentin on postdural puncture headache. Acute Pain 2006; 8:169–73.
[50] Lin YT, Sheen MJ, Huang ST, et al. Gabapentin relieves post-dural puncture headache – a report of two cases. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2007; 45(1):47–51.
[51] Cheng JK, Chiou LC. Mechanisms of the antinociceptive action of gabapentin. J Pharmacol Sci. 2006; 100:471–86.
[52] Dooley DJ, Taylor CP, Donevan S, Feltner D. Ca2+ channel alpha2delta ligands: novel modulators of neurotransmission. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2007; 28(2):75–82.
[53] Huseyinoglu U, Huseyinoglu N, Hamurtekin E, Aygun H, Sulu B. Effect of pregabalin on post-dural-puncture headache following spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture. J Clin Neurosci. 2011; 18(10): 1365-8.
[54] de Boer T. The effects of mirtazapine on central noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995; 10:19–23
[55] Levy E, Margolese HC. Migraine headache prophylaxis and treatment with low-dose mirtazapine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003; 18(5):301–3
[56] Safa-Tisseront V, Thormann F, Malassine P, Henry M, Riou B, Coriat P, et al. Effectiveness of epidural blood patch in the management of post-dural puncture headache. Anesthesiology. 2001; 95(2):334-9
[57] Harrington BE. Postdural puncture headache and the development of the epidural blood patch. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004; 29(2):136-63.
[58] Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S, McKee A, Kehlet H, van Zundert A, et al. Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results of overview of randomized trials. Br Med J. 2000; 321:1493.
[59] Ghoname ES, Craig WF, White PF, Ahmed HE, Hamza MA, Gajraj NM, et al. The effect of stimulus frequency on the analgesic response to percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with chronic low back pain. Anesth. Analg. 1999; 88(4):841-6.
[60] Taivainen T, Pitkänen M, Tuominen M, Rosenberg PH. Efficacy of epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1993; 37(7):702-5.
[61] Ylönen P, Kokki H. Epidural blood patch for management of postdural puncture headache in adolescents. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 2002; 46(7):794-8.
[62] Ravindran RS. Epidural autologous blood patch on an outpatient basis. Anesth Analg. 1984; 63(10):962.
[63] Stevens RA, Jorgensen N. Successful treatment of dural puncture headache with epidural saline infusion after failure of epidural blood patch. Case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1988; 32(5):429-31.
[64] Barrios Alarcon-J, Aldrete J-A, Paragas Tapia-D. Relief of post lumbar puncture headache with epidural dextran 40. Regional anaesthesia 1989; 14:78–80.
[65] Sharma A, Cheam E. Acupuncture in the management of post-partum headache following neuraxial analgesia. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2009; 18(4):417-9.
[66] Mahendra Perera S. Acupuncture: an alternative treatment for post dural-puncture headaches following obstetric epidural or spinal. Acupunct Med. 1998; 16: 77-79
[67] Davignon KR, Dennehy KC. Update on postdural puncture headache. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2002; 40(4):89-102.
[68] Ergün U, Say B, Ozer G, Tunc T, Sen M, Tüfekcioglu S, et al. Intravenous theophylline decreases post-dural puncture headaches. J Clin Neurosci. 2008; 15(10):1102-4.
[69] Candido KD, Stevens RA. Post-dural puncture headache: pathophysiology, prevention and treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2003; 17(3):451–69.
[70] Cohen SM, Laurito CE, Curran MJ. Grand mal seizure in a postpartum patient following intravenous infusion of caffeine sodium benzoate to treat persistent headache. J Clin Anesth. 1992; 4:48–51.
[71] Connelly NR, Parker RK, Rahimi A, Gibson CS. Sumatriptan in patients with postdural puncture headache. Headache. 2000; 40(4):316-9.
[2] Corning JL. A further contribution on local medication of the spinal cord, with cases. Med Rec. 1888; 33(11): 291–3.
[3] Aamodt A, Vedeler C. Complications after LP related to needle type: pencilpoint versus Quincke. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2001; 103(6):396–8.
[4] Turnbull DK, Shepherd DB. Post-dural puncture headache: pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Br J Anaesth. 2003; 91(5):718–29.
[5] Jabbari A, Hasanjani Roushan MR. Impact of postdural puncture headache after diagnostic lumbar puncture. Caspian J Intern Med. 2014; 5(2): 56-58.
[6] Kuczkowski KM. Post-dural puncture headache in the obstetric patient: an old problem. New solutions. Minerva Anestesiol. 2004; 70(12):823–30.
[7] Cook TM, Counsell D, Wildsmith JAW. Major complications of central neuraxial block: report on the Third National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. Br J Anaesth. 2009; 102(2): 179–90
[8] Halpern S, Preston R. Postdural puncture headache and spinal needle design. Metaanalyses. Anesthesiology. 1994; 81(6):1376–83.
[9] Vallejo MC, Mandell GL, Sabo DP, Ramanathan S. Postdural Puncture Headache: A Randomized Comparison of Five Spinal Needles in Obstetric Patients. Anesth Analg. 2000; 91:916–20
[10] Hatfalvi BI. Postulated mechanisms for postdural puncture headache and a review of laboratory models. Reg Anaesth. 1995; 20:329–36.
[11] Mokri B. The Monro-Kellie hypothesis: applications in CSF volume depletion. Neurology. 2001; 56:1746–8
[12] Turnbull DK, Shepherd DB. Post-dural puncture headache: pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Br J Anaesth. 2003; 91:718–29
[13] Wilton NC, Globerson JH, de Rosayro AM. Epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache: it's never too late. Anesth Analg. 1986; 65(8):895-6.
[14] Vandam LD, Dripps RD. Long-term follow-up of patients who received 10,098 spinal anesthetics; syndrome of decreased intracranial pressure (headache and ocular and auditory difficulties). J Am Med Assoc. 1956; 161(7): 586-91.
[15] Morewood GH. A rational approach to the cause, prevention prevention and treatment of postdural puncture headache. CMAJ. 1993; 149:1087–93.
[16] Thoennissen J, Herkner H, Lang W, Domanovits H, Laggner AN, Müllner M. Does bed rest after cervical or lumbar puncture prevent headache? A systemic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2001; 165:1311–6.
[17] Evans RW, Armon C, Frohman EM, Goodin DS. Assessment: Prevention of post-lumbar puncture headaches: Report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2000; 55(7):909-14.
[18] Echevarria M, Caba F, Rodriguez R. The influence of the menstrual cycle in postdural puncture headache. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998; 23(5): 485-90.
[19] Yücel A, Ozyalçin S, Talu GK, Yücel EC, Erdine S. Intravenous administration of caffeine sodium benzoate for postdural puncture headache. RegAnesth Pain Med. 1999; 24(1):51-54.
[20] Buvanendran A, Kroin JS, Della Valle CJ, Kari M, Moric M, Tuman KJ. Perioperative oral pregabalin reduces chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2010; 110(1):199–207.
[21] Jokela R, Ahonen J, Tallgren M, Haanpää M, Korttila K. A randomized controlled trial of perioperative administration of pregabalin for pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy. Pain. 2008; 134:106–12.
[22] McKeage K, Keam SJ. Pregabalin: in the treatment of post herpetic neuralgia. Drug Aging. 2009; 26:883–92.
[23] Rosenstock J, Tuchman M, LaMoreaux L, Sharma U. Pregabalin for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 2004; 110:628–38.
[24] Vondracek P, Oslejskova H, Kepak T, Mazanek P, Sterba J, Rysava M, et al. Efficacy of pregabalin in neuropathic pain in paediatric oncological patients. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2009; 13:332–6.
[25] Taylor CP. Mechanisms of analgesia by gabapentin and pregabalin – calcium channel alpha2-delta [Cavalpha2-delta] ligands. Pain. 2009; 142:13–6.
[26] Calandre EP, Garcia-Leiva JM, Rico-Villademoros F, Vilchez JS, Rodriguez-Lopez CM. Pregabalin in the treatment of chronic migraine: an open-label study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2010; 33:35–9.
[27] Masdrakis VG, Oulis P, Karakatsanis NA, Potagas C, Kouzoupis AV, Soldatos CR. Remission of migraine attacks in a patient with depression who is taking pregabalin. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2008; 31:238–40.
[28] Chiechio S, Zammataro M, Caraci F, Rampello L, Copani A, Sabato AF, et al. Pregabalin in the treatment of chronic pain: an overview. Clin Drug Invest. 2009; 29:203–13.
[29] Gielen M. post dural puncture headach (PDPH): A review. Reg Anesth. 1989;14: 101-106.
[30] Hess JH. Postdural puncture headache; a literature review. AANA J. 1991; 59: 549-555
[31] Choi PT, Galinski SE, Takeuchi L, Lucas S, Tamayo C, Jadad AR. PDPH is a common complication of neuraxial blockade in parturients: a meta-analysis of obstetrical studies. Can J Anaesth. 2003; 50(5):460-9.
[32] Carter BL, Pasupuleti R. Use of Intravenous Cosyntropin in the Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache. Anesthesiology. 2000; 92: 272-4.
[33] Cánovas L, Barros C, Gómez A, Castro M, Castro A. Use of Intravenous Tetracosactrin in the Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache: Our Experience in Forty Cases. Anesth. Analg. 2002; 94:1369.
[34] Halker RB, Demaerschalk BM, Wellik KE, Wingerchuk DM, Rubin DI, Crum BA and Dodick DW. Caffeine for the prevention and treatment of postdural puncture headache: debunking the myth. Neurologist. 2007; 13(5): 323–327.
[35] Younggren BN; Zeger W, Nolan R. Cosyntropin vs. caffeine for post-dural puncture headaches. Acad Emerg Med. 2005; 12:52-3.
[36] Basurto Ona X, Martı´nez Garcı´a L, Sola` I and Bonfill Cosp X. Drug therapy for treating post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (8):CD007887.
[37] Camann WR, Murray RS, Mushlin PS, Lambert DH. Effects of oral caffeine on postdural puncture headache: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 1990;70(2):181-4
[38] Baumgarten RK. Should coffeine become the first-line treatment for postdural puncture headache? Anesth Analg. 1987; 66(9):913-4.
[39] Ryu JE: Effect of maternal caffeine consumption on heart rate and sleep time of breast fed infants. Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1985; 8(6):353-63.
[40] Bani-Hashem N, Hassan-Nasab B, Pour EA, Maleh PA, Nabavi A, Jabbari A. Addition of intrathecal Dexamethasone to Bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in orthopedic surgery. Saudi J Anaesth. 2011; 5(4):382-6.
[41] Kshatri AM, Foster PA: ACTH infusion as a novel treatment for postdural puncture headache. Reg Anesth. 1997; 22(5):432-4.
[42] Razzaque Z, Heald MA, Pickard JD, Maskell L, Beer MS, Hill RG, et al. Vasoconstriction in human isolated middle meningeal arteries: determining the contribution of 5-HT1B- and 5-HT1F-receptor activation". Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 47(1):75–82.
[43] Hodgson C, Roitberg HA. The use of sumatriptan in the treatment of postdural puncture headache. Anaesthesia. 1997; 52(8):808.
[44] Paech M, Banks S, Gurrin L. An audit of accidental dural puncture during epidural insertion of a Tuohy needle in obstetric patients. Int Obstet Anesth. 2001; 10(3):162-7.
[45] Freidank-Mueschenborn E, Fox AW. "Resolution of concentration-response differences in onset of effect between subcutaneous and oral sumatriptan". Headache. 2005; 45(6): 632-7.
[46] Tassone DM, Boyce E, Guyer J, Nuzum D. Pregabalin: a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue in the treatment of neuropathic pain, partial-onset seizures, and anxiety disorders. Clin Ther. 2007; 29(1):26-48.
[47] Kim L, Lipton S, Deodhar A. Pregabalin for fibromyalgia: some relief but no cure. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009; 76(4):255-61.
[48] Luszczki JJ. Third-generation antiepileptic drugs: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and interactions. Pharmacol Rep. 2009; 61(2):197–216.
[49] Erol DD. The effect of oral gabapentin on postdural puncture headache. Acute Pain 2006; 8:169–73.
[50] Lin YT, Sheen MJ, Huang ST, et al. Gabapentin relieves post-dural puncture headache – a report of two cases. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2007; 45(1):47–51.
[51] Cheng JK, Chiou LC. Mechanisms of the antinociceptive action of gabapentin. J Pharmacol Sci. 2006; 100:471–86.
[52] Dooley DJ, Taylor CP, Donevan S, Feltner D. Ca2+ channel alpha2delta ligands: novel modulators of neurotransmission. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2007; 28(2):75–82.
[53] Huseyinoglu U, Huseyinoglu N, Hamurtekin E, Aygun H, Sulu B. Effect of pregabalin on post-dural-puncture headache following spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture. J Clin Neurosci. 2011; 18(10): 1365-8.
[54] de Boer T. The effects of mirtazapine on central noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995; 10:19–23
[55] Levy E, Margolese HC. Migraine headache prophylaxis and treatment with low-dose mirtazapine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003; 18(5):301–3
[56] Safa-Tisseront V, Thormann F, Malassine P, Henry M, Riou B, Coriat P, et al. Effectiveness of epidural blood patch in the management of post-dural puncture headache. Anesthesiology. 2001; 95(2):334-9
[57] Harrington BE. Postdural puncture headache and the development of the epidural blood patch. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004; 29(2):136-63.
[58] Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S, McKee A, Kehlet H, van Zundert A, et al. Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results of overview of randomized trials. Br Med J. 2000; 321:1493.
[59] Ghoname ES, Craig WF, White PF, Ahmed HE, Hamza MA, Gajraj NM, et al. The effect of stimulus frequency on the analgesic response to percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with chronic low back pain. Anesth. Analg. 1999; 88(4):841-6.
[60] Taivainen T, Pitkänen M, Tuominen M, Rosenberg PH. Efficacy of epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1993; 37(7):702-5.
[61] Ylönen P, Kokki H. Epidural blood patch for management of postdural puncture headache in adolescents. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 2002; 46(7):794-8.
[62] Ravindran RS. Epidural autologous blood patch on an outpatient basis. Anesth Analg. 1984; 63(10):962.
[63] Stevens RA, Jorgensen N. Successful treatment of dural puncture headache with epidural saline infusion after failure of epidural blood patch. Case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1988; 32(5):429-31.
[64] Barrios Alarcon-J, Aldrete J-A, Paragas Tapia-D. Relief of post lumbar puncture headache with epidural dextran 40. Regional anaesthesia 1989; 14:78–80.
[65] Sharma A, Cheam E. Acupuncture in the management of post-partum headache following neuraxial analgesia. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2009; 18(4):417-9.
[66] Mahendra Perera S. Acupuncture: an alternative treatment for post dural-puncture headaches following obstetric epidural or spinal. Acupunct Med. 1998; 16: 77-79
[67] Davignon KR, Dennehy KC. Update on postdural puncture headache. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2002; 40(4):89-102.
[68] Ergün U, Say B, Ozer G, Tunc T, Sen M, Tüfekcioglu S, et al. Intravenous theophylline decreases post-dural puncture headaches. J Clin Neurosci. 2008; 15(10):1102-4.
[69] Candido KD, Stevens RA. Post-dural puncture headache: pathophysiology, prevention and treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2003; 17(3):451–69.
[70] Cohen SM, Laurito CE, Curran MJ. Grand mal seizure in a postpartum patient following intravenous infusion of caffeine sodium benzoate to treat persistent headache. J Clin Anesth. 1992; 4:48–51.
[71] Connelly NR, Parker RK, Rahimi A, Gibson CS. Sumatriptan in patients with postdural puncture headache. Headache. 2000; 40(4):316-9.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7 No 4 (2021): Autumn |
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| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/aacc.v7i4.7632 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Post spinal anesthesia headache Spinal anesthesia Headache Prevention Treatment | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Jabbari A, Tabasi S, Bani Hashem N, Jahangirifard A. A Narrative Review on Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Post Spinal Anesthesia Headache. Arch Anesth & Crit Care. 2021;7(4):245-252.
