A Narrative Review of Cardiac Output Measurement in Cardiac Surgery
-
Alireza Jahangirifard
,
Seyed Bashir Mirtajani
,
Ali Jabbari
,
Leila Saliminejad
,
Mohammad Ghaheri
,
Zargham Hossein Ahmadi
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of the cardiovascular system and control of the changes affecting it is a constant challenge for the surgical team. The need to control the condition of the heart and better understand its condition is raised in the topic of advanced hemodynamic monitoring, which is a set of different techniques for real-time monitoring of the cardiovascular condition and its influencing factors. Cardiac output, as the most important indicator of cardiac function, is an integral part of cardiac monitoring systems. The measurement of this index has witnessed extensive changes in the past few years, which clearly shows its importance. Cardiac surgery is one of the most serious cases that requires accurate assessment of cardiac output and advanced hemodynamic monitoring. Therefore, the present study examines the types of cardiac output in cardiac surgery.
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[9] Chaney JC, Derdak S. Minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring for the intensivist: current and emerging technology. Crit Care Med. 2002; 30(10):2338-45.
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[13] Salandin V, Zussa C, Risica G, Michielon P, Paccagnella A, Cipolotti G, et al. Comparison of cardiac output estimation by thoracic electrical bioimpedance, thermodilution, and Fick methods. Crit Care Med. 1988; 16(11):1157-8.
[14] Nolan TE, Wakefield ML, Devoe LD. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring in obstetrics. A critical review of its indications, benefits, complications, and alternatives. Chest. 1992; 101(5):1429-33.
[15] Jurin I, Koudelka V, Krivková I. Cardiac output measurement during immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery. Sb Ved Pr Lek Fak Karlovy Univerzity Hradci Kralove. 1972; 15(5):533-9.
[16] Hodges M, Downs JB, Mitchell LA. Thermodilution and Fick cardiac index determinations following cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med. 1975; 3(5):182-4.
[17] Alfieri O, Agosti J, Subramanian S. Thermodilution cardiac output measurement in infants and small children following intracardiac surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 1975; 10(5):649-56.
[18] Thomas B. Monitoring of cardiac output by pulse contour method. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 1978; 29(3):259-70.
[19] Mark JB, Steinbrook RA, Gugino LD, Maddi R, Hartwell B, Shemin R, et al. Continuous noninvasive monitoring of cardiac output with esophageal Doppler ultrasound during cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 1986; 65(10):1013-20.
[20] Davies GG, Jebson PJ, Glasgow BM, Hess DR. Continuous Fick cardiac output compared to thermodilution cardiac output. Crit Care Med. 1986; 14(10):881-5.
[21] Binder JC, Parkin WG. Non-invasive cardiac output determination: comparison of a new partial-rebreathing technique with thermodilution. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2001; 29(1):19-23.
[22] Hofer CK, Ganter MT, Zollinger A. What technique should I use to measure cardiac output? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2007; 13(3):308-17.
[23] Akamatsu S, Oda A, Terazawa E, Yamamoto T, Ohata H, Michino T, Dohi S. Automated cardiac output measurement by transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography. Anesth Analg. 2004; 98(5):1232-8.
[24] Lee AJ, Cohn JH, Ranasinghe JS. Cardiac output assessed by invasive and minimally invasive techniques. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2011; 2011.
[25] Domino KB, Bowdle TA, Posner KL, Spitellie PH, Lee LA, Cheney FW. Injuries and liability related to central vascular catheters: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology. 2004; 100.
[26] Nishikawa T, Dohi S. Errors in the measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution. Can J Anaesth. 1993; 40(2):142-53.
[27] Elkayam U, Berkley R, Azen S, Weber L, Geva B, Henry WL. Cardiac Output by Thermodilution Technique: Effect of Injectate’s Volume and Temperature on Accuracy and Reproducibility in the Critically III Patient. Chest. 1983; 84(4):418-22.
[28] Mehta Y, Sharma KK. Double knot with formation of a double loop of pulmonary artery catheter. J Cardiothorac Anesth. 1990; 4(1):149-50.
[29] Singh A, Juneja R, Mehta Y, Trehan N. Comparison of continuous, stat, and intermittent cardiac output measurements in patients undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2002; 16(2):186-90.
[30] Boyd JH, Forbes J, Nakada TA, Walley KR, Russell JA. Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality. Crit Care Med. 2011; 39(2):259-65.
[31] Robin ED. Death by pulmonary artery flow-directed catheter (editorial): time for a moratorium? Chest. 1987; 92(4):727-31.
[32] Resano FG, Kapetanakis EI, Hill PC, Haile E, Corso PJ. Clinical outcomes of low-risk patients undergoing beating-heart surgery with or without pulmonary artery catheterization. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006; 20(3):300-6.
[33] Lamia B, Kim HK, Severyn DA, Pinsky MR. Cross-comparisons of trending accuracies of continuous cardiac-output measurements: pulse contour analysis, bioreactance, and pulmonary-artery catheter. J Clin Monit Compu. 2018; 32(1):33-43.
[34] Hofer CK, Cecconi M, Marx G, della Rocca G. Minimally invasive haemodynamic monitoring. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2009; 26(12):996-1002.
[35] Roth S, Fox H, Fuchs U, Schulz U, Costard-Jäckle A, Gummert JF, et al. Noninvasive pulse contour analysis for determination of cardiac output in patients with chronic heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol. 2018; 107(5):395-404.
[36] Marik PE, Cavallazzi R, Vasu T, Hirani A. Dynamic changes in arterial waveform derived variables and fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Med. 2009; 37(9):2642-7.
[37] Mehta Y, Arora D. Newer methods of cardiac output monitoring. World J Cardiol. 2014; 6(9):1022-9.
[38] Buhre W, Weyland A, Kazmaier S, Hanekop GG, Baryalei MM, Sydow M, et al. Comparison of cardiac output assessed by pulse-contour analysis and thermodilution in patients undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1999; 13(4):437-40.
[39] Halvorsen PS, Sokolov A, Cvancarova M, Hol PK, Lundblad R, Tønnessen TI. Continuous cardiac output during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: pulse-contour analyses vs pulmonary artery thermodilution. Br J Anaesth. 2007; 99(4):484-92.
[40] Boyle M, Murgo M, Lawrence J, Belessis A, Shehabi Y. Assessment of the accuracy of continuous cardiac output and pulse contour cardiac output in tracking cardiac index changes induced by volume load. Aust Crit Care. 2007; 20(3):106-12.
[41] Montenij LJ, de Waal EE, Buhre WF. Arterial waveform analysis in anesthesia and critical care. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011; 24(6):651-6.
[42] Langewouters GJ, Wesseling KH, Goedhard WJ. The static elastic properties of 45 human thoracic and 20 abdominal aortas in vitro and the parameters of a new model. J Biomech. 1984; 17(6):425-35.
[43] De Backer D, Marx G, Tan A, Junker C, Van Nuffelen M, Hüter L, et al. Arterial pressure-based cardiac output monitoring: a multicenter validation of the third-generation software in septic patients. Intensive Care Med. 2011; 37(2):233-40.
[44] Linton RA, Band DM, Haire KM. A new method of measuring cardiac output in man using lithium dilution. Br J Anaesth. 1993; 71(2):262-6.
[45] Garcia-Rodriguez C, Pittman J, Cassell CH, Sum-Ping J, El-Moalem H, Young C, et al. Lithium dilution cardiac output measurement: a clinical assessment of central venous and peripheral venous indicator injection. Crit Care Med. 2002; 30(10):2199-204.
[46] Costa MG, Della Rocca G, Chiarandini P, Mattelig S, Pompei L, Barriga MS, et al. Continuous and intermittent cardiac output measurement in hyperdynamic conditions: pulmonary artery catheter vs. lithium dilution technique. Intensive Care Med. 2008; 34(2):257-63.
[47] Broch O, Renner J, Höcker J, Gruenewald M, Meybohm P, Schöttler J, et al. Uncalibrated pulse power analysis fails to reliably measure cardiac output in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Crit Care. 2011; 15(1): R76.
[48] Pittarello D, Vida V, Di Gregorio G, Falasco G, Stellin G, Ori C. Comparison between Pressure Recording Analytical Method and Fick Method to Measure Cardiac Output in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. The Open Anesthesia Journal. 2018; 12(1).
[49] Giomarelli P, Biagioli B, Scolletta S. Cardiac output monitoring by pressure recording analytical method in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004; 26(3):515-20.
[50] DiCorte CJ, Latham P, Greilich PE, Cooley MV, Grayburn PA, Jessen ME. Esophageal Doppler monitors determinations of cardiac output and preload during cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000; 69(6):1782-6.
[51] Funk DJ, Moretti EW, Gan TJ. Minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring in the perioperative setting. Anesth Analg. 2009; 108(3):887-97.
[52] Laupland KB, Bands CJ. Utility of esophageal Doppler as a minimally invasive hemodynamic monitor: a review. Can J Anaesth. 2002; 49(4):393-401.
[53] Poelaert J, Schmidt C, Van Aken H, Hinder F, Mollhoff T, Loick HM. A comparison of transoesophageal echocardiographic Doppler across the aortic valve and the thermodilution technique for estimating cardiac output. Anaesthesia. 1999; 54(2):128-36.
[54] Mantovani MM, Fantoni DT, Gimenes AM, de Castro JR, Flor PB, Ida KK, et al. Clinical monitoring of cardiac output assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography in anaesthetised dogs: a comparison with the thermodilution technique. BMC Vet Res. 2017; 13(1):325.
[55] Katz J, Shear TD, Murphy GS, Alspach D, Greenberg SB, Szokol J, et al. Cardiovascular Collapse in the Pregnant Patient, Rescue Transesophageal Echocardiography and Open-Heart Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017; 31(1):203-6.
[56] Alhashemi JA, Cecconi M, Della Rocca G, Cannesson M, Hofer CK. Minimally invasive monitoring of cardiac output in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2010; 7(3):116-24.
[57] Gueret G, Kiss G, Rossignol B, Bezon E, Wargnier JP, Miossec A, et al. Cardiac output measurements in off-pump coronary surgery: comparison between NICO and the Swan-Ganz catheter. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2006; 23(10):848-54.
[58] Saugel B, Cecconi M, Hajjar LA. Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring in cardiothoracic surgery patients: available methods and future directions. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019; 33(6):1742-1752.
[59] Spiess BD, Patel MA, Soltow LO, Wright IH. Comparison of bioimpedance versus thermodilution cardiac output during cardiac surgery: evaluation of a second-generation bioimpedance device. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2001; 15(5):567-73.
[60] Michard F, Teboul JL. Predicting fluid responsiveness in ICU patients: a critical analysis of the evidence. Chest. 2002; 121(6):2000-8.
[61] Tirotta CF, Lagueruela RG, Madril D, Velis E, Ojito J, Monroe D, et al. Non-invasive cardiac output monitor validation study in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. J Clin Anesth. 2017; 38:129-32.
[62] Leclercq T, Lilot M, Schulz T, Meyer A, Farhat F, Fellahi JL. Endotracheal bioimpedance cardiography improves immediate postoperative outcome: a case-control study in off-pump coronary surgery. J Clin Monit Comput. 2018; 32(1):81-7.
[63] Squara P, Rotcajg D, Denjean D, Estagnasie P, Brusset A. Comparison of monitoring performance of Bioreactance vs. pulse contour during lung recruitment maneuvers. Critical Care. 2009; 13(4): R125.
[64] Tan HL, Pinder M, Parsons R, Roberts B, Van Heerden PV. Clinical evaluation of USCOM ultrasonic cardiac output monitor in cardiac surgical patients in intensive care unit. Br J Anaesth. 2005; 94(3):287-91.
[65] Chand R, Mehta Y, Trehan N. Cardiac output estimation with a new Doppler device after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006; 20(3):315-9.
[66] Shelley K, Shelley S. Pulse oximeter waveform: photoelectric plethysmography. Clinical Monitoring, Carol Lake, R. Hines, and C. Blitt, Eds.: WB Saunders Company. 2001:420-8.
[67] Meyer S, Todd D, Wright I, Gortner L, Reynolds G. Non‐invasive assessment of cardiac output with portable continuous‐wave Doppler ultrasound. Emerg Med Australas. 2008; 20(3):201-8.
[68] Ameloot K, Palmers PJ, Malbrain ML. The accuracy of noninvasive cardiac output and pressure measurements with finger cuff: a concise review. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2015; 21(3):232-9.
[2] Carl M, Alms A, Braun J, Dongas A, Erb J, Goetz A, et al. S3 guidelines for intensive care in cardiac surgery patients: hemodynamic monitoring and cardiocirculary system. GMS Ger Med Sci. 2010; 8.
[3] Pinsky MR. Functional hemodynamic monitoring. Crit Care Clin. 2015; 31(1):89-111.
[4] Pinsky MR. Invited Papers: Functional hemodynamic monitoring: use of derived variable to diagnose and manage the critically ill. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2009;53(S119):9-11.
[5] Pinsky MR. Hemodynamic evaluation and monitoring in the ICU. Chest. 2007; 132(6):2020-9.
[6] Georger JF, Hamzaoui O, Chaari A, Maizel J, Richard C, Teboul JL. Restoring arterial pressure with norepinephrine improves muscle tissue oxygenation assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy in severely hypotensive septic patients. Intensive Care Med. 2010; 36(11):1882-9.
[7] Perel A, Saugel B, Teboul JL, Malbrain ML, Belda FJ, Fernández-Mondéjar E, et al. The effects of advanced monitoring on hemodynamic management in critically ill patients: a pre and post questionnaire study. J Clin Monit Comput. 2016; 30(5):511-8.
[8] Robinson DH, Toledo AH. Historical development of modern anesthesia. J Invest Surg. 2012; 25(3):141-9.
[9] Chaney JC, Derdak S. Minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring for the intensivist: current and emerging technology. Crit Care Med. 2002; 30(10):2338-45.
[10] Swan HJ, Ganz W, Forrester J, Marcus H, Diamond G, Chonette D. Catheterization of the heart in man with use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter. N Engl J Med. 1970; 283(9):447-51.
[11] Harvey S, Harrison DA, Singer M, Ashcroft J, Jones CM, Elbourne D, et al. Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in management of patients in intensive care (PAC-Man): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005; 366(9484):472-7.
[12] Young BP, Low LL. Noninvasive monitoring cardiac output using partial CO2 rebreathing. Crit Care Clin. 2010; 26(2):383-92.
[13] Salandin V, Zussa C, Risica G, Michielon P, Paccagnella A, Cipolotti G, et al. Comparison of cardiac output estimation by thoracic electrical bioimpedance, thermodilution, and Fick methods. Crit Care Med. 1988; 16(11):1157-8.
[14] Nolan TE, Wakefield ML, Devoe LD. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring in obstetrics. A critical review of its indications, benefits, complications, and alternatives. Chest. 1992; 101(5):1429-33.
[15] Jurin I, Koudelka V, Krivková I. Cardiac output measurement during immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery. Sb Ved Pr Lek Fak Karlovy Univerzity Hradci Kralove. 1972; 15(5):533-9.
[16] Hodges M, Downs JB, Mitchell LA. Thermodilution and Fick cardiac index determinations following cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med. 1975; 3(5):182-4.
[17] Alfieri O, Agosti J, Subramanian S. Thermodilution cardiac output measurement in infants and small children following intracardiac surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 1975; 10(5):649-56.
[18] Thomas B. Monitoring of cardiac output by pulse contour method. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 1978; 29(3):259-70.
[19] Mark JB, Steinbrook RA, Gugino LD, Maddi R, Hartwell B, Shemin R, et al. Continuous noninvasive monitoring of cardiac output with esophageal Doppler ultrasound during cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 1986; 65(10):1013-20.
[20] Davies GG, Jebson PJ, Glasgow BM, Hess DR. Continuous Fick cardiac output compared to thermodilution cardiac output. Crit Care Med. 1986; 14(10):881-5.
[21] Binder JC, Parkin WG. Non-invasive cardiac output determination: comparison of a new partial-rebreathing technique with thermodilution. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2001; 29(1):19-23.
[22] Hofer CK, Ganter MT, Zollinger A. What technique should I use to measure cardiac output? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2007; 13(3):308-17.
[23] Akamatsu S, Oda A, Terazawa E, Yamamoto T, Ohata H, Michino T, Dohi S. Automated cardiac output measurement by transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography. Anesth Analg. 2004; 98(5):1232-8.
[24] Lee AJ, Cohn JH, Ranasinghe JS. Cardiac output assessed by invasive and minimally invasive techniques. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2011; 2011.
[25] Domino KB, Bowdle TA, Posner KL, Spitellie PH, Lee LA, Cheney FW. Injuries and liability related to central vascular catheters: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology. 2004; 100.
[26] Nishikawa T, Dohi S. Errors in the measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution. Can J Anaesth. 1993; 40(2):142-53.
[27] Elkayam U, Berkley R, Azen S, Weber L, Geva B, Henry WL. Cardiac Output by Thermodilution Technique: Effect of Injectate’s Volume and Temperature on Accuracy and Reproducibility in the Critically III Patient. Chest. 1983; 84(4):418-22.
[28] Mehta Y, Sharma KK. Double knot with formation of a double loop of pulmonary artery catheter. J Cardiothorac Anesth. 1990; 4(1):149-50.
[29] Singh A, Juneja R, Mehta Y, Trehan N. Comparison of continuous, stat, and intermittent cardiac output measurements in patients undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2002; 16(2):186-90.
[30] Boyd JH, Forbes J, Nakada TA, Walley KR, Russell JA. Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality. Crit Care Med. 2011; 39(2):259-65.
[31] Robin ED. Death by pulmonary artery flow-directed catheter (editorial): time for a moratorium? Chest. 1987; 92(4):727-31.
[32] Resano FG, Kapetanakis EI, Hill PC, Haile E, Corso PJ. Clinical outcomes of low-risk patients undergoing beating-heart surgery with or without pulmonary artery catheterization. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006; 20(3):300-6.
[33] Lamia B, Kim HK, Severyn DA, Pinsky MR. Cross-comparisons of trending accuracies of continuous cardiac-output measurements: pulse contour analysis, bioreactance, and pulmonary-artery catheter. J Clin Monit Compu. 2018; 32(1):33-43.
[34] Hofer CK, Cecconi M, Marx G, della Rocca G. Minimally invasive haemodynamic monitoring. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2009; 26(12):996-1002.
[35] Roth S, Fox H, Fuchs U, Schulz U, Costard-Jäckle A, Gummert JF, et al. Noninvasive pulse contour analysis for determination of cardiac output in patients with chronic heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol. 2018; 107(5):395-404.
[36] Marik PE, Cavallazzi R, Vasu T, Hirani A. Dynamic changes in arterial waveform derived variables and fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Med. 2009; 37(9):2642-7.
[37] Mehta Y, Arora D. Newer methods of cardiac output monitoring. World J Cardiol. 2014; 6(9):1022-9.
[38] Buhre W, Weyland A, Kazmaier S, Hanekop GG, Baryalei MM, Sydow M, et al. Comparison of cardiac output assessed by pulse-contour analysis and thermodilution in patients undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1999; 13(4):437-40.
[39] Halvorsen PS, Sokolov A, Cvancarova M, Hol PK, Lundblad R, Tønnessen TI. Continuous cardiac output during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: pulse-contour analyses vs pulmonary artery thermodilution. Br J Anaesth. 2007; 99(4):484-92.
[40] Boyle M, Murgo M, Lawrence J, Belessis A, Shehabi Y. Assessment of the accuracy of continuous cardiac output and pulse contour cardiac output in tracking cardiac index changes induced by volume load. Aust Crit Care. 2007; 20(3):106-12.
[41] Montenij LJ, de Waal EE, Buhre WF. Arterial waveform analysis in anesthesia and critical care. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011; 24(6):651-6.
[42] Langewouters GJ, Wesseling KH, Goedhard WJ. The static elastic properties of 45 human thoracic and 20 abdominal aortas in vitro and the parameters of a new model. J Biomech. 1984; 17(6):425-35.
[43] De Backer D, Marx G, Tan A, Junker C, Van Nuffelen M, Hüter L, et al. Arterial pressure-based cardiac output monitoring: a multicenter validation of the third-generation software in septic patients. Intensive Care Med. 2011; 37(2):233-40.
[44] Linton RA, Band DM, Haire KM. A new method of measuring cardiac output in man using lithium dilution. Br J Anaesth. 1993; 71(2):262-6.
[45] Garcia-Rodriguez C, Pittman J, Cassell CH, Sum-Ping J, El-Moalem H, Young C, et al. Lithium dilution cardiac output measurement: a clinical assessment of central venous and peripheral venous indicator injection. Crit Care Med. 2002; 30(10):2199-204.
[46] Costa MG, Della Rocca G, Chiarandini P, Mattelig S, Pompei L, Barriga MS, et al. Continuous and intermittent cardiac output measurement in hyperdynamic conditions: pulmonary artery catheter vs. lithium dilution technique. Intensive Care Med. 2008; 34(2):257-63.
[47] Broch O, Renner J, Höcker J, Gruenewald M, Meybohm P, Schöttler J, et al. Uncalibrated pulse power analysis fails to reliably measure cardiac output in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Crit Care. 2011; 15(1): R76.
[48] Pittarello D, Vida V, Di Gregorio G, Falasco G, Stellin G, Ori C. Comparison between Pressure Recording Analytical Method and Fick Method to Measure Cardiac Output in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. The Open Anesthesia Journal. 2018; 12(1).
[49] Giomarelli P, Biagioli B, Scolletta S. Cardiac output monitoring by pressure recording analytical method in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004; 26(3):515-20.
[50] DiCorte CJ, Latham P, Greilich PE, Cooley MV, Grayburn PA, Jessen ME. Esophageal Doppler monitors determinations of cardiac output and preload during cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000; 69(6):1782-6.
[51] Funk DJ, Moretti EW, Gan TJ. Minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring in the perioperative setting. Anesth Analg. 2009; 108(3):887-97.
[52] Laupland KB, Bands CJ. Utility of esophageal Doppler as a minimally invasive hemodynamic monitor: a review. Can J Anaesth. 2002; 49(4):393-401.
[53] Poelaert J, Schmidt C, Van Aken H, Hinder F, Mollhoff T, Loick HM. A comparison of transoesophageal echocardiographic Doppler across the aortic valve and the thermodilution technique for estimating cardiac output. Anaesthesia. 1999; 54(2):128-36.
[54] Mantovani MM, Fantoni DT, Gimenes AM, de Castro JR, Flor PB, Ida KK, et al. Clinical monitoring of cardiac output assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography in anaesthetised dogs: a comparison with the thermodilution technique. BMC Vet Res. 2017; 13(1):325.
[55] Katz J, Shear TD, Murphy GS, Alspach D, Greenberg SB, Szokol J, et al. Cardiovascular Collapse in the Pregnant Patient, Rescue Transesophageal Echocardiography and Open-Heart Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017; 31(1):203-6.
[56] Alhashemi JA, Cecconi M, Della Rocca G, Cannesson M, Hofer CK. Minimally invasive monitoring of cardiac output in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2010; 7(3):116-24.
[57] Gueret G, Kiss G, Rossignol B, Bezon E, Wargnier JP, Miossec A, et al. Cardiac output measurements in off-pump coronary surgery: comparison between NICO and the Swan-Ganz catheter. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2006; 23(10):848-54.
[58] Saugel B, Cecconi M, Hajjar LA. Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring in cardiothoracic surgery patients: available methods and future directions. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019; 33(6):1742-1752.
[59] Spiess BD, Patel MA, Soltow LO, Wright IH. Comparison of bioimpedance versus thermodilution cardiac output during cardiac surgery: evaluation of a second-generation bioimpedance device. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2001; 15(5):567-73.
[60] Michard F, Teboul JL. Predicting fluid responsiveness in ICU patients: a critical analysis of the evidence. Chest. 2002; 121(6):2000-8.
[61] Tirotta CF, Lagueruela RG, Madril D, Velis E, Ojito J, Monroe D, et al. Non-invasive cardiac output monitor validation study in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. J Clin Anesth. 2017; 38:129-32.
[62] Leclercq T, Lilot M, Schulz T, Meyer A, Farhat F, Fellahi JL. Endotracheal bioimpedance cardiography improves immediate postoperative outcome: a case-control study in off-pump coronary surgery. J Clin Monit Comput. 2018; 32(1):81-7.
[63] Squara P, Rotcajg D, Denjean D, Estagnasie P, Brusset A. Comparison of monitoring performance of Bioreactance vs. pulse contour during lung recruitment maneuvers. Critical Care. 2009; 13(4): R125.
[64] Tan HL, Pinder M, Parsons R, Roberts B, Van Heerden PV. Clinical evaluation of USCOM ultrasonic cardiac output monitor in cardiac surgical patients in intensive care unit. Br J Anaesth. 2005; 94(3):287-91.
[65] Chand R, Mehta Y, Trehan N. Cardiac output estimation with a new Doppler device after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006; 20(3):315-9.
[66] Shelley K, Shelley S. Pulse oximeter waveform: photoelectric plethysmography. Clinical Monitoring, Carol Lake, R. Hines, and C. Blitt, Eds.: WB Saunders Company. 2001:420-8.
[67] Meyer S, Todd D, Wright I, Gortner L, Reynolds G. Non‐invasive assessment of cardiac output with portable continuous‐wave Doppler ultrasound. Emerg Med Australas. 2008; 20(3):201-8.
[68] Ameloot K, Palmers PJ, Malbrain ML. The accuracy of noninvasive cardiac output and pressure measurements with finger cuff: a concise review. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2015; 21(3):232-9.
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| Issue | Vol 9 No Supp. 2 (2023): Supplement 2 |
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| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/aacc.v9i6.14453 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Advanced hemodynamic monitoring cardiac output cardiac surgery | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Jahangirifard A, Mirtajani S, Jabbari A, Saliminejad L, Ghaheri M, Hossein Ahmadi Z. A Narrative Review of Cardiac Output Measurement in Cardiac Surgery. Arch Anesth & Crit Care. 2023;9(Supp. 2):541-548.
