Comparison of Hemodynamic Responses to Ketofol versus Etomidate During Anesthesia Induction in Elderly Patients
Abstract
Background: Nausea While elderly patients are at an increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality; old age alone is not a contraindication for surgery. General factors that should be considered in preoperative risk assessments include age, functional status, cognition, nutritional status, and comorbidities, such as cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and endocrine disorders. Induction of anesthesia is a critical step in surgery, particularly for elderly patients and those with a high physical status. Commonly used drugs for this purpose include etomidate and propofol. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the impact of Ketofol versus etomidate alone on the hemodynamic status of patients who fall under the ASA class II or higher.
Methods: The study was a prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial, with a study population of age of ≥65 years, ASA physical status class II or higher, that were randomized into two groups. Ketofol (n=45) and, Etomidate (n=45) groups. Patients followed for clinical outcomes including their hemodynamic status during the induction period.
Results: The present study showed that, the examination of hemodynamic parameters up to 10 minute after laryngoscopy showed that none of these parameters were significantly different between the two groups, while immediately after anesthesia induction, heart rate and blood pressure were found to be significantly different. However, there was no significant difference in terms of SPO2 among the two groups in any given interval.
Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that Ketofol resulted in better regulation and stability of blood pressure and heart rate in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation, compared to etomidate alone.
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| Keywords | ||
| Etomidate Hemodynamic Endotracheal intubation Ketamine Peripheral oxygen saturation | ||
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