Quality of Life Comparison between Front-Line Residents and Medical Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
Background: The Covid-19 disease was the most significant pandemic of the century. Health care providers showed great sacrifices in managing this disease and saving humanity, and they suffered many injuries. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Covid-19 on the resident’s quality of life and comparison with medical students.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 223 Residents and 225 medical students. Using a random sampling method, WHOQOL-BREF 26 questionnaire was distributed among the participants. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 21 software using T-test and ANCOVA.
Results: The results showed that covid-19 had caused a decrease in the quality of life of residents compared to medical students (P value<0.001). In addition, more advanced statistical analyzes showed that high work and study hours, irregular sleep, work history in COVID-19 wards, and the experience of CPR and intubation conditions of covid-19 patients have independent effects on the quality of life.
Conclusion: Covid-19 hurt all aspects of the quality of life of residents. Considering the essential role of residents in educational and treatment hospitals, it is necessary to make plans to improve the quality of life and psychological support of these people to prevent the decline in the quality of healthcare services.
[1] Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet. 2020; 395(10223):497-506.
[2] Memish ZA, Ahmed QA, Schlagenhauf P, Doumbia S, Khan A. No time for dilemma: mass gatherings must be suspended. Lancet. 2020; 395(10231):1191-2.
[3] Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Luong QC, Nguyen TV, Nguyen HT, Le HQ, et al. Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(9):872-4.
[4] Khan ZH, Samadi S, Makarem J, Mireskandari SM. Tests with proven value in diagnosis of COVID-19. Iran J Microbiol. 2020; 12(3):261-2.
[5] Ferreira LN, Pereira LN, da Fé Brás M, Ilchuk K. Quality of life under the COVID-19 quarantine. Qual Life Res. 2021; 30(5):1389-405.
[6] Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(3):e14.
[7] Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease. 2019. JAMA network open. 2020; 3(3):e203976-e.
[8] Malekpour F, Mohammadian Y, Malekpour AR, Mohammadpour Y, Sheikh Ahmadi A, Shakarami A. Assessment of mental workload in nursing by using NASA-TLX. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2014;11(11).
[9] Bahrami M, Parker S, Blackman I. Patients’ quality of life: a comparison of patient and nurse perceptions. Contemp Nurse. 2008; 29(1):67-79.
[10] Neumann PJ, Araki SS, Gutterman EM. The use of proxy respondents in studies of older adults: lessons, challenges, and opportunities. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000; 48(12):1646-54.
[11] Bakker AB, Schaufeli WB, Demerouti E, Janssen PPM, Van Der Hulst R, Brouwer J. Using equity theory to examine the difference between burnout and depression. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping. 2000; 13(3):247-68.
[12] Van der Heijden F, Dillingh G, Bakker A, Prins J. Suicidal thoughts among medical residents with burnout. Arch Suicide Res. 2008; 12(4):344-6.
[13] Tyssen R, Vaglum P, Grønvold NT, Ekeberg Ø. Suicidal ideation among medical students and young physicians: a nationwide and prospective study of prevalence and predictors. J Affect Disord. 2001; 64(1):69-79.
[14] Karimi M, Brazier J. Health, health-related quality of life, and quality of life: what is the difference? Pharmacoeconomics. 2016; 34(7):645-9.
[15] Newacheck PW, Taylor WR. Childhood chronic illness: prevalence, severity, and impact. Am J Public Health. 1992; 82(3):364-71.
[16] Brazier J, Ara R, Rowen D, Chevrou-Severac H. A review of generic preference-based measures for use in cost-effectiveness models. Pharmacoeconomics. 2017;35(1):21-31.
[17] Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh S. The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Journal of school of public health and institute of public health research. 2006; 4(4):1-12.
[18] Di Tella M, Romeo A, Benfante A, Castelli L. Mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy. J Eval Clin Pract. 2020; 26(6):1583-7.
[19] Zhang W-r, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao W-f, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020; 89(4):242-50.
[20] Tan BY, Chew NW, Lee GK, Jing M, Goh Y, Yeo LL, Zhang K, Chin HK, Ahmad A, Khan FA, Shanmugam GN. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Annals of internal medicine. 2020 Aug 18;173(4):317-20.
[21] Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227):912-20.
[22] Alipour F, Shahvari Z, Asghari F, Samadi S, Amini H. Educational system defects and observing professional behavior: A qualitative study. J Educ Health Promot. 2019; 8:162.
[23] Alipour F, Shahvari Z, Asghari F, Samadi S, Amini H. Personal factors affecting medical professionalism: a qualitative study in Iran. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2020; 13:3.
[24] Senol Y, Daloglu M, Baysal OD, Gurpinar E. Evaluation of the quality of life and general health of medical residents. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities. 2018; 9(1):7-11.
[25] Nurikhwan PW, Felaza E, Soemantri D. Burnout and quality of life of medical residents: a mixed-method study. Korean J Med Educ. 2022; 34(1):27-39.
[26] Woon LS-C, Mansor NS, Mohamad MA, Teoh SH, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI. Quality of life and its predictive factors among healthcare workers after the end of a movement lockdown: the salient roles of COVID-19 stressors, psychological experience, and social support. Front Psychol. 2021; 12:652326.
[27] Asante JO, Li MJ, Liao J, Huang YX, Hao YT. The relationship between psychosocial risk factors, burnout and quality of life among primary healthcare workers in rural Guangdong province: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019; 19(1):447.
[28] Liu X, Shao L, Zhang R, Wei Y, Li J, Wang C, et al. Perceived social support and its impact on psychological status and quality of life of medical staffs after outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a cross-sectional study. Available at SSRN 3541127. 2020.
[29] Vafaei H, Roozmeh S, Hessami K, Kasraeian M, Asadi N, Faraji A, et al. Obstetrics healthcare providers’ mental health and quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic: multicenter study from eight cities in Iran. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020; 13:563-71.
[30] Korkmaz S, Kazgan A, Çekiç S, Tartar AS, Balcı HN, Atmaca M. The anxiety levels, quality of sleep and life and problem-solving skills in healthcare workers employed in COVID-19 services. J Clin Neurosci. 2020; 80:131-6.
[31] Samadi S, Amirifard H, Eslami M, Khadembashiri MA, Khadembashiri MM, Najafi A. Evaluation of sleep quality and depressive symptoms among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic. Middle East Current Psychiatry. 2023; 30(1):71.
[32] Tian Z-R, Xie X, Li X-Y, Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Y-J, et al. Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life in frontline otorhinolaryngology nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. PeerJ. 2021;9:e11037.
[33] Lehmann M, Bruenahl CA, Addo MM, Becker S, Schmiedel S, Lohse AW, et al. Acute Ebola virus disease patient treatment and health-related quality of life in health care professionals: A controlled study. J Psychosom Res. 2016; 83:69-74.
[34] Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active Weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(6):2032.
[35] Chou W-P, Wang P-W, Chen S-L, Chang Y-P, Wu C-F, Lu W-H, et al. Voluntary reduction of social interaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: related factors and association with perceived social support. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(21):8039.
[36] Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020; 26:e923549.
[37] Mroczek B, Lubkowska W, Jarno W, Jaraczewska E, Mierzecki A. Occurrence and impact of back pain on the quality of life of healthcare workers. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2020; 27(1):36-42.
[38] Beard C, Weisberg RB, Keller MB. Health-related Quality of Life across the anxiety disorders: findings from a sample of primary care patients. J Anxiety Disord. 2010; 24(6):559-64.
[39] Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The lancet. 2012; 380(9859):2163-96.
[40] Maqsood MB, Islam MA, Naqvi AA, Al Qarni A, Al-Karasneh AF, Iffat W, et al. Assessment of quality of work life (QWL) among healthcare staff of intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency unit during COVID-19 outbreak using WHOQoL-BREF. Saudi Pharm J. 2021; 29(11):1348-54.
[2] Memish ZA, Ahmed QA, Schlagenhauf P, Doumbia S, Khan A. No time for dilemma: mass gatherings must be suspended. Lancet. 2020; 395(10231):1191-2.
[3] Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Luong QC, Nguyen TV, Nguyen HT, Le HQ, et al. Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(9):872-4.
[4] Khan ZH, Samadi S, Makarem J, Mireskandari SM. Tests with proven value in diagnosis of COVID-19. Iran J Microbiol. 2020; 12(3):261-2.
[5] Ferreira LN, Pereira LN, da Fé Brás M, Ilchuk K. Quality of life under the COVID-19 quarantine. Qual Life Res. 2021; 30(5):1389-405.
[6] Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(3):e14.
[7] Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease. 2019. JAMA network open. 2020; 3(3):e203976-e.
[8] Malekpour F, Mohammadian Y, Malekpour AR, Mohammadpour Y, Sheikh Ahmadi A, Shakarami A. Assessment of mental workload in nursing by using NASA-TLX. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2014;11(11).
[9] Bahrami M, Parker S, Blackman I. Patients’ quality of life: a comparison of patient and nurse perceptions. Contemp Nurse. 2008; 29(1):67-79.
[10] Neumann PJ, Araki SS, Gutterman EM. The use of proxy respondents in studies of older adults: lessons, challenges, and opportunities. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000; 48(12):1646-54.
[11] Bakker AB, Schaufeli WB, Demerouti E, Janssen PPM, Van Der Hulst R, Brouwer J. Using equity theory to examine the difference between burnout and depression. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping. 2000; 13(3):247-68.
[12] Van der Heijden F, Dillingh G, Bakker A, Prins J. Suicidal thoughts among medical residents with burnout. Arch Suicide Res. 2008; 12(4):344-6.
[13] Tyssen R, Vaglum P, Grønvold NT, Ekeberg Ø. Suicidal ideation among medical students and young physicians: a nationwide and prospective study of prevalence and predictors. J Affect Disord. 2001; 64(1):69-79.
[14] Karimi M, Brazier J. Health, health-related quality of life, and quality of life: what is the difference? Pharmacoeconomics. 2016; 34(7):645-9.
[15] Newacheck PW, Taylor WR. Childhood chronic illness: prevalence, severity, and impact. Am J Public Health. 1992; 82(3):364-71.
[16] Brazier J, Ara R, Rowen D, Chevrou-Severac H. A review of generic preference-based measures for use in cost-effectiveness models. Pharmacoeconomics. 2017;35(1):21-31.
[17] Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh S. The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Journal of school of public health and institute of public health research. 2006; 4(4):1-12.
[18] Di Tella M, Romeo A, Benfante A, Castelli L. Mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy. J Eval Clin Pract. 2020; 26(6):1583-7.
[19] Zhang W-r, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao W-f, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020; 89(4):242-50.
[20] Tan BY, Chew NW, Lee GK, Jing M, Goh Y, Yeo LL, Zhang K, Chin HK, Ahmad A, Khan FA, Shanmugam GN. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Annals of internal medicine. 2020 Aug 18;173(4):317-20.
[21] Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227):912-20.
[22] Alipour F, Shahvari Z, Asghari F, Samadi S, Amini H. Educational system defects and observing professional behavior: A qualitative study. J Educ Health Promot. 2019; 8:162.
[23] Alipour F, Shahvari Z, Asghari F, Samadi S, Amini H. Personal factors affecting medical professionalism: a qualitative study in Iran. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2020; 13:3.
[24] Senol Y, Daloglu M, Baysal OD, Gurpinar E. Evaluation of the quality of life and general health of medical residents. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities. 2018; 9(1):7-11.
[25] Nurikhwan PW, Felaza E, Soemantri D. Burnout and quality of life of medical residents: a mixed-method study. Korean J Med Educ. 2022; 34(1):27-39.
[26] Woon LS-C, Mansor NS, Mohamad MA, Teoh SH, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI. Quality of life and its predictive factors among healthcare workers after the end of a movement lockdown: the salient roles of COVID-19 stressors, psychological experience, and social support. Front Psychol. 2021; 12:652326.
[27] Asante JO, Li MJ, Liao J, Huang YX, Hao YT. The relationship between psychosocial risk factors, burnout and quality of life among primary healthcare workers in rural Guangdong province: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019; 19(1):447.
[28] Liu X, Shao L, Zhang R, Wei Y, Li J, Wang C, et al. Perceived social support and its impact on psychological status and quality of life of medical staffs after outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a cross-sectional study. Available at SSRN 3541127. 2020.
[29] Vafaei H, Roozmeh S, Hessami K, Kasraeian M, Asadi N, Faraji A, et al. Obstetrics healthcare providers’ mental health and quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic: multicenter study from eight cities in Iran. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020; 13:563-71.
[30] Korkmaz S, Kazgan A, Çekiç S, Tartar AS, Balcı HN, Atmaca M. The anxiety levels, quality of sleep and life and problem-solving skills in healthcare workers employed in COVID-19 services. J Clin Neurosci. 2020; 80:131-6.
[31] Samadi S, Amirifard H, Eslami M, Khadembashiri MA, Khadembashiri MM, Najafi A. Evaluation of sleep quality and depressive symptoms among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic. Middle East Current Psychiatry. 2023; 30(1):71.
[32] Tian Z-R, Xie X, Li X-Y, Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Y-J, et al. Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life in frontline otorhinolaryngology nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. PeerJ. 2021;9:e11037.
[33] Lehmann M, Bruenahl CA, Addo MM, Becker S, Schmiedel S, Lohse AW, et al. Acute Ebola virus disease patient treatment and health-related quality of life in health care professionals: A controlled study. J Psychosom Res. 2016; 83:69-74.
[34] Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active Weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(6):2032.
[35] Chou W-P, Wang P-W, Chen S-L, Chang Y-P, Wu C-F, Lu W-H, et al. Voluntary reduction of social interaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: related factors and association with perceived social support. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(21):8039.
[36] Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020; 26:e923549.
[37] Mroczek B, Lubkowska W, Jarno W, Jaraczewska E, Mierzecki A. Occurrence and impact of back pain on the quality of life of healthcare workers. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2020; 27(1):36-42.
[38] Beard C, Weisberg RB, Keller MB. Health-related Quality of Life across the anxiety disorders: findings from a sample of primary care patients. J Anxiety Disord. 2010; 24(6):559-64.
[39] Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The lancet. 2012; 380(9859):2163-96.
[40] Maqsood MB, Islam MA, Naqvi AA, Al Qarni A, Al-Karasneh AF, Iffat W, et al. Assessment of quality of work life (QWL) among healthcare staff of intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency unit during COVID-19 outbreak using WHOQoL-BREF. Saudi Pharm J. 2021; 29(11):1348-54.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10 No 3 (2024): Summer |
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| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/aacc.v10i3.15694 | |
| Keywords | ||
| COVID-19 Quality of Life Resident WHOQOL-BREF Health Care Provider | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Nabavian O, Samadi S, Beigi S, Sahebi L, Eslami B, Montaseri A, Hosseini SA. Quality of Life Comparison between Front-Line Residents and Medical Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. Arch Anesth & Crit Care. 2024;10(3):252-259.
